Constructive features of the fuel tank of the car. Real Capacity of Fuel Tank

We decided to spend this experiment due to periodic complaints of car owners at gas stations, which allegedly do not fuel fuel to the tank and write in social networks, which fastened more than the volume of the tank at the dressing station.

The rationale for this is the fill to the almost empty tank of the larger fuel, which is indicated in the car operating manual.

We deepened in the construction of cars and found technological prerequisites explaining different real and documentary (in TTX cars) the volume of the fuel tank. Now we decided to confirm our arguments and went with five different cars on the AZK of one of the major fuel market operators.

Two cars with diesel engines participated in the test - Citroen Grand C4 Picasso and Renault Duster and three gasoline cars - Volkswagen Bora, Skoda Octavia A5 and Ford Mondeo. All five cars came to the place of experiment on the minimum fuel residue in the tank.

Preparation for test

Before starting the refueling, we asked for AZK employees to check the accuracy of the filling column. To do this, at all refills there are a special 20-liter dimensional container with high-precision calf, which makes it possible to determine the belling or overflow with an accuracy of 20 ml.

After wetting the dimensional capacity (mandatory procedure), 20 liters of fuel were poured into it. The little worker confirmed that the column pours exactly, after which we began to fill our cars.

Result refueling

The main condition for refueling the aforementioned cars was filling fuel to the tank for the sickness of the throat, i.e. We have already seen that fuel - under the top of the neck. Looking in advance, we note that in fact there are more fuels in the tanks of all 5 cars, rather than in TTX (in one case - by as much as 17 l!).

First refrain Citroit Grand C4 Picasso. With a 55-liter tank (in TTX) and the residual one division of the electronic fuel level sensor in the tank was flooded with 51 liters of diesel fuel. Excess - 2-4 l.

Renault Duster. In its almost empty tank, 62 liters of fuel at the factory data is only 50 liters. Excess - 15-17 * l.

In a car VW Bora. Filled a little more than 52 liters of gasoline under 55 liter factory data. Taking into account the residue, the TTX can reach at 3-5 * l.

Real volume of tank Skoda Octavia A5. Significantly exceeded the data claimed in TTX. It was poured into it 62 liters at a rate of 55 liters. Excess - 12-14 * l

In a 70-liter tank Ford Mondeo. With a residual mileage, almost 71 liters of gasoline placed 26 km. Those. Real excess volume is 8-9 * l.

The results of this test confirmed our theoretical conclusions: the real volume of the fuel tank differs from the specified automaker for significant limits ( from one to 10 or more liters).

So the drivers should keep in mind: if you flooded a few liters at the dressing, which you expected, this is not a reason for the scandal. This is most likely the feature of your fuel tank.

* Taking into account unaccounted 4-5 liters of fuel below the floating gas tank

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Limits the maximum volume of fuel tanks transport units. If the capacity of vehicle fuel tanks exceeds the maximum values \u200b\u200bdefined in ADR, these fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo. At the same time, the volume of fuel in fuel tanks does not play any role.

Capacity of fuel tanks is limited to sub-clause 1.1.3.3 a) ADR. According to the requirements of this clause, the total capacity of the built-in fuel tanks should not exceed 1500 liters per transport unit, and the capacity of the tank installed on the trailer should not exceed 500 liters. At the same time, the capacity of both fuel tanks directly connected to the vehicle engine and fuel tanks connected to the auxiliary equipment are taken into account.

Note . The transport unit is a composition consisting of a vehicle and the trailer lifted with it, or only the vehicle to which the trailer is not attached.

Vehicle manufacturers often do not install such large tanks.

In practice, there are cases when the car-tractor with a fuel tank of 1500 liters drive a semi-trailer refrigerator with a tank volume of 200 liters. In this case, the total capacity of fuel tanks mounted on a transport unit is 1700 liters and liquid fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo.

When transporting dangerous goods, the requirements of ADR must be performed. However, in the considered case, perform the requirements of the ADR, it is unlikely to succeed. When controlling the road, two estimates are possible.

1. Since the container of one of the fuel tanks exceeds 1000 liters, the carriage can be regarded as the transportation of dangerous goods in the built-in tank. Hence:

• the driver must undergo special training for the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
• written instructions, transport document and certificate of vehicle assumption for the transport of certain dangerous goods;
• all additional equipment, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, etc.

In this case, the controlling bodies may prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.

2. It may be regarded that the requirements of ADR do not apply to fuel contained in the fuel tank with a capacity of 1500 liters. Then only fuel in the fuel tank of the refrigerator with a capacity of 200 liters will be considered as a case of transportation of dangerous cargo in a container who has not been tested and not allowed to transport dangerous goods. Such transportation should be carried out with the fulfillment of the requirements of subsection 1.1.3.6 ADR.

In this case, the controlling authorities may also prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.

Thus, transportation of any cargo on such a transport unit and its movement on public roads will constantly be associated with the risk of imposing a fine. Pay attention to volume of fuel tanks When buying vehicles.

For storage of fuel supplied to the engine, a special reservoir is provided in the design of each car - the fuel tank. It is a hermetic container and, depending on the characteristics of the model of the machine, may differ in the form, manufacturing material and volume. In the practice of automotive industry, the fuel tank is used for liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel) and gas.

Features of the location of the tank in the car

Fuel tank by car

For each category of cars, optimal fuel tank configurations are developed, and the most rational location of the container in the overall design is selected. For example, in the passenger car, the tank is in the rear of the seat (in front of the rear axle), since this zone is the most protected when a collision.

In trucks, fuel tanks (one or more) are most often installed between the front and rear axles on the frames of the frame. This is due to the fact that for this category the car is the most common accidents with a frontal collision. If the car was subjected to "tuning", its fuel tank can be moved into an arbitrary place, but in some cases it can threaten the owner a fine.

Since the fuel reservoir is often located next to the release system, special heat insulating screens are used to prevent it with heating.

Types of fuel capacities and manufacturing materials

The main requirement for fuel tanks is the high tightness of the container, which allows to prevent the flow of fuel (or its evaporation) into the environment. This ensures the safety of operation and the economy of fuel consumption as a whole.

Steel fuel tank

For the manufacture of gas tanks, the following types of materials are used:

• Steel - used mainly in trucks, as well as in gas systems;
• Aluminum - applied in gasoline cars;
• Plastic is the most popular material, since it is suitable for all types of fuel.

A sufficient amount of fuel reserve ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine and a longer interval of the autonomous trip. Modern automotive standards provide such a capacity that allows you to move without refueling at a minimum range of 400 km. On the other hand, if the tank is too big - it increases the weight of the car and complicates its design.

The volume of the fuel tank can be divided into the nominal (specified in the documentation for the car) and the real (when pouring under the neck). The actual capacity of fuel tanks, depending on the model, may be greater than the nominal value from 2 to 17 liters. The volume of gas tank for passenger cars, on average, hesitates from 50 to 70 liters. Some particularly powerful models have a tank of up to 80 liters, and small cars are equipped with tanks with a volume of only 30 liters. Cargo cars can have a fuel reserve from 170 to 500 liters.

Construction of modern fuel tanks

Uniform for fuel tank car does not exist. To achieve the maximum volume of fuel tanks without prejudice to their compactness, they are given a complex geometry, which may differ not only depending on the brand and model of the car, but also from the configuration of a particular machine.

In metallic tanks, the complex form is achieved due to the stamping of sheet metal and hermetically welded joints. Plastic tanks are subjected to molding under the influence of high temperatures and pressure.

The main nodes of the Benzobacika

Fuel tank device

Despite the different shape, the design of most modern gas tanks has common details:

• The bay neck - has access to the outside body and is designed to fill fuel. Most often is located on the driver's side (above the rear wing of the body). In most cars, the neck has a special hermetic screw cap of the fuel tank, which prevents the flow of fuel and hit the dust. However, some modern cars do not have such a lid. It is replaced by the Easy Fuel system - a small hatch with an electrical drive that opens and lock the benzobac.
• Case or wall (directly capacity).
• Fuel intake nozzle - equipped with a filter to prevent contamination from entering. On modern passenger cars, this function performs the submersible module. It is equipped with an additional removable filter (grid).
• The drain hole (in the usual position is closed with a plug) - used if necessary to urgently drain the fuel.
• Fuel level sensor with float - designed to measure the amount of fuel.
• Ventilation tube.

Device and principle of operation of the ventilation system

Special attention in the consistent features and automotive fuel tank devices should be given to the ventilation system. It allows you to solve several important tasks at once:

• Removal of excess air falling inside while fueling fuel.
• Maintaining pressure inside the container at the level of atmospheric, which is necessary for normal operation as a whole. Since the reservoir is maximally sealed, during the course of fuel is created a vacuum that can lead to deformation and body rupture.
• Cooling tank and maintaining a safe temperature.

Fuel tank vent valve

Modern cars are usually equipped with closed ventilation systems. This design does not have a direct exit from the fuel tank into the atmosphere and is equipped with a number of fixtures intended for air intake and the extraction of vapors. Air intake is performed using the fuel tank ventilation reverse valve. As soon as the discharge increases, under the influence of the internal pressure of the spring, the valve is pressed and air falls inside. This happens until atmospheric pressure is established inside the tank.

To remove the fuel vapor from the tank, a ventilation pipeline (steam pipeline) is provided for which evaporation falls in. In it, they condensed and accumulate. When the adsorber is filled, the purge system is started, feeding the condensed fuel in the intake manifold for subsequent testing.

The life of the fuel tank largely depends on the operating conditions and fuel quality. Like any vehicle assembly, it requires relevant service. First of all, the washing of the tank and the elimination of pollution belongs. When carrying out washing, it is not necessary to use special additives for cleaning, which can negatively affect the basic elements of the fuel system, and in some cases lead to the destruction and depressurization of the case.

With the help of an online calculator, you can correctly calculate the volume of the type of capacity: cylinder, barrels, tanks, or liquid volume in any other horizontal cylindrical container.

We define the amount of liquid in an incomplete cylindrical tank

All parameters indicate millimeters

L. - Height of the barrel.

H. - Liquid level.

D. - Tank diameter.

Our program in online mode will calculate the amount of fluid in the container, will determine the surface area, free and common cub.

The determination of the main parameters of the cubature of the tanks (for example, the usual barrel or tank) should be based on the geometric method of calculating the capacity of cylinders. In contrast to the methods of calibration of the container, where the calculation of the volume is performed in the form of real measurements of the amount of fluid by the measuring line (according to the testimony of the metrshtock).

V \u003d S * L - the formula for calculating the volume of the tank of the cylindrical form, where:

L - body length.

S is the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe tank.

According to the results obtained, the calibration tables of the containers are created, which are still called targeting, allow you to determine the weight of the liquid in the tank in the proportion and volume. These parameters will depend on the filling level of the tank, which can be measured using the metr stitch.

Our online calculator provides the ability to calculate the capacity of horizontal and vertical containers on the geometric formula. You can find out the useful capacity of the tank more accurately if you correctly determine all the main parameters that are listed above and participate in the calculation.

How to determine the basic data

Determine the lengthL.

With the help of a conventional roulette, you can measure the length L of a cylindrical tank with a non-planning bottom. To do this, you need to measure the distance between the crossing lines of the bottom with the cylindrical body of the container. In the case where the horizontal tank with a flat bottom, then in order to determine the size L, it suffices to measure the length of the tank over the outside (from one edge of the tank to the other), and from the resulting result, the bottom thickness obtained.

Determine Diameter D.

The easiest way to determine the diameter D of the cylindrical barrels. For this, it is enough with the help of a roulette to measure the distance between two any extreme dots of the lid or edge.

If it is difficult to correctly perform the calculation of the diameter of the container, then in this case you can use the measurement of the circumference length. To do this, with the help of ordinary roulette, we wrap the entire tank around the circumference. For correctly calculating the circle make two measurements in each section of the tank. For this surface, the measured must be clean. Having learned the average circumference of our capacity - the Locre, we turn to the definition of the diameter according to the following formula:

This method is the easiest, as it is often measured by the diameter of the tank, is accompanied by a number of difficulties associated with the climb on the surface of various types of equipment.

Important! Diameter measurements are correct to fully perform in three different sections of the container, and then perform the counting of the average value. Since often, these data may differ significantly.

The averaged values \u200b\u200bafter three measurements allow you to minimize the error of calculating the volume of the cylindrical reservoir. As a rule, the storage tanks used during operation are exposed to deformation, may lose strength, decrease in size, which leads to a decrease in the amount of fluid inside.

Determine the levelH.

To determine the level of fluid, in our case it is H, we need a meterstock. With this measuring element, which is lowered to the bottom of the tank, we will be able to accurately determine the parameter H. But these calculations will be correct for reservoirs with a flat bottom.

As a result of the counting of online calculator, we get:

• Free volume in liters;
• The amount of fluid in liters;
• Liquid volume in liters;
• The total area of \u200b\u200bthe tank in m²;
• DNA area in m²;
• Side surface area in m².

Volume of fuel tank largely depends on its structure. Various models of vehicles have their own design.

What does the amount of fuel tank depend on?

The volume indicators should be so that the car mileage can reach 600 kilometers. Usually its installation is made from below the rear seat opposite the rear axle. It is in this place for all calculations the smallest probability of deformation, if a strike suddenly happens.

Plastic or metal can be used for the manufacture of the tank. Moreover, today more often use plastic tanks - not least due to the fact that they occupy less space when installing and can be any necessary form. Thus, the driver gets the fuel tank with the desired maximum volumes. So that there is no leakage, the walls of the tank are made multi-layered. Also, these indicators can affect:

• body type;
• system design;
• general configuration;
• the system responsible for injection;
• climatic version;
• motor device.

Machine dimensions also affect the volume: usually large cars and fuel tanks are rather big.

Fuel system

Sometimes the structure and, accordingly, the volume of the tank turns out to be different even on the example of one model. So that the tank could be charged, it has a bayful neck. In fact, this part turns out to be the only one noticeable outside. Most often it is located on top of the rear wing.

The presented part is connected to the pipeline tank, and the cross section is done, so that the ability to skip fifty liters / minute is ensured. Close the neck can be closed by the cover worn on the thread. Everything is hidden with a hatch, opening through a special drive (which can work from electricity or mechanically). Sometimes the hatcher can be opened manually.

Fuel intake inside the power supply system is carried out by means of a fenceboard connected to the output of the fuel wire. The residues merge back through the fuel wire for draining. Close the fence can be closed with a grid that is specifically done to clean the fuel. Such a device installed on a diesel car is equipped with a special heating system. Sometimes car owners use a regular fear instead of heated. They can also contact the heating nozzles.

In the benzobak, the fuel pump, operating on electricity, is placed - it is he who must pump the fuel pressure. The fuel level control occurs by the sensor, which is connected to the pumping device.

The sensor components are the potentiometer, as well as the sensor. As soon as the volume of fuel changes, the potentiometer indicators change. As a result, voltage change occurs with the subsequent shift of the arrow. With a complex design, a couple of sensors operating in parallel immediately mounted.

In order for the engine to receive the required amount of fuel, it is necessary that constant pressure indicators are maintained inside the tank. To do this, the ventilation system works in the vehicle - due to it, the vacuum is neutralized, which appears when a fuel is produced. A special valve is needed to remove excess air existing inside when refueling and not allowing pressure to rise.

Baki care

Regardless of the volume of the tank, it should be careful for it. Moreover, it is relevant for machines that have a large mileage. Alas, due to the poor quality of fuel, together with hydrocarbons in the tank, impurities are impurities that settle on its walls. When they accumulate, peel off and contaminate the filter responsible for gross purification. As a result, fuel simply does not pass on the fence.

The solution of such a problem, however, is not difficult. Cleaning is needed. It will help to increase the fuel tank. Typically, the inside of the tank is washed with special chemicals.

Fuel tank design

As mentioned above, you can determine which volume of the fuel tank, after learning, from which it is made: from plastic material or metal. Metal tanks are usually made from stamped sheets:

• if they operate on gasoline or diesel, aluminum is used;
• if the work is carried out on gas, steel is used.

Of course, metal tanks are distinguished by high durability, wear resistance - nevertheless, according to the volume indicators, they usually inferior plastic. In addition, there are restrictions related to forms.

But tanks made of plastic can be manufactured by various configurations and, accordingly, have different volumes. In addition, these products are famous for resistance to scratches, corrosion impacts, have good density.

Leaks are impossible in them, since the walls are performed in several layers. The inner part is processed by the underfluid fluoride layer. Also differences in fuel tanks can be due to:

• Type of internal combustion;
• Body bodies;
• Structural features;
• Fuel supply system.

What are the volume of tanks?

As already indicated, different models and, moreover, automotive stamps can be their volumes. For example, fuel Tank Volume Approximately 50-55 liters equals, depending on the model and the type of fuel used. As a rule, this is enough to move freely to long distances and not refund daily.

Inside the tank, by the way, the sensor controlling the fuel level is located. Pump devices are also posted in some models (for example, Ford Focus). When they stand on the machines working on a diesel engine, there is a special principle of operation: the fuel swings and is fed directly into the system.

Finally, all Fords have fuel wire - both with direct and backward direction. When repairing the tank, the fuel material is removed through the neck, where fuel is poured.

• Toyota fuel tank It can be from 45 liters (Toyota Tercel) to 98 liters (Toyota Sequoia). If we talk about the most popular models, on average, these indicators are 50-70 liters.
• The volume of fuel tank Kia equals, on average, 55 liters, although, of course, there are models with smaller and large indicators. Moreover, the newer the model (this can be seen by the example of KIA Sportage), the smaller the fuel tanks become in volume.
• Fuel tank gas It is about 70 liters. Naturally, the fuel material in such a container can be enjoyed.
• The volume of fuel tank Nissan ranges from 50 liters (Nissan 200SX) to 106 liters (Titan, Armada, QX56, and so on). As for the most popular models, such as Nissan Maxima or Nissan Frontier, their volume indicators are equal to 60-65 liters.
• Volume of fuel tank VAZ - At least many models of this automotive brand - is 39 liters. The container itself is made up of two parts, for stamping which are used by zavidized sheets. In such tanks, the filter is also mounted in the form of a mesh - it helps to carry out primary filtration of fuel. So that gasoline can be drained, there is a drain plug and get there easier than simple: remove the stub from rubber, covering the hole at the bottom of the trunk.
• Renault fuel tank 50 liters equals, if this is a Duster model (in this case, plastic tanks are used) and 50 liters for the Logan model. By the way, on fuel consumption, these machines are considered to be quite economical: for example, about 10 liters can spend on the city roads, on the highway - only 5.7 liters. If the road surface is mixed, is spent approximately 7.2 liters.
• The volume of fuel tank Hyundai, as in the case of other cars, depends on the specific model. Usually this range varies from 45 liters (Hyundai Accent) to 79.9 liters (SORENTO or SEDONA). Popular motorists model Sonata has a 65 liter tank.
• Volume of fuel tank UAZ It ranges from 56 liters (for example, model 390945) to 87 liters (Patriot model). UAZ Buankka has a fuel tank reaching 56 liters, and here is a popular UAZ Hunter has a tank, the capacity of which is 78 liters.
• Kamaz fuel tank, understandable, exceeds the above indicators, because it is a cargo car. The approximate range varies from 175 liters (models 55102 and 5511) to 500 liters (model 65117). Usually, the models of the KAMAZ truck have fuel tanks, the volume indicators of which are 350 liters.

Knowing fuel tank, You can roughly understand how much time, and what distance the car can pass without the need to refuel again. Much depends on what is the configuration of the fuel tank, which fuel is used and, finally, what type of engine.

Maximum fuel tank Limited by a special international agreement concerning hazardous freight traffic. When devices exceed in terms of volume indicators specified in this agreement, they automatically begin to be considered as a hazardous cargo (problems may occur when crossing the border). Moreover, it is considered to be "dangerous cargo", regardless of how much is contained inside the fuel.

The following table summarizes the data on the capacity of the fuel tank of some automotive brands:

Ford	50-55 Lithrov
Toyota.	45-88 Lithrov
Kia.	from 55 liters
GAS	70 liters
Nissan.	50-106 Lithrov
VAZ	from 39 liters
Reno	50 liters
Hyundai.	45-79.9 liters
UAZ	56-87 Lithrov
Kamaz	175-500 Lithrov