Various schemes of lambda probe deception. From a vase to the opera: We make a deck of lambda-probe with their own hands Electric cheating for the second lambda

Modern engines are usually equipped with injection engines with an electronic control unit that controls the operation of the power unit. For this, it relies on the testimony of many sensors. Some of them are located in an affordable place, which significantly simplifies the replacement of faulty parts. However, in each case, it is rational to replace the sensor, and then the catalyst is performed with their own hands, the diagram of which is not very complex for understanding.

We are talking about lambda probe. In a different way, it is also called an oxygen sensor that is installed in the exhaust system. About why this is done, read on.

Problem

In order for the car with its exhaust gases does not spoil the environment, an environmental standard was invented, which regulates the content of harmful substances of the exhaust system. He began to act in many European countries since 1988 ("Euro-0"). Periodically, it is updated, and outdated requirements are replaced by new ones. Currently operates "Euro-6".

These requirements forced car manufacturers to embed additional devices, one of which is the catalyst. Its task is to reduce the amount of nitrogen and carbon in the exhaust gases. In most cases, this is achieved by changing the chemical composition. At the same time there must be a lambda probe. The catalyst cheating is performed with their own hands, its scheme is very simple.

Since the faulty catalyst is very expensive, it was invented by one effective way, which allows some extent to solve the problem at minimal costs.

Functioning of the oxygen sensor

To understand the need to be decking, it will not hurt to find out how the lambda probe works. Many instead of this sensor put various imitating devices, but in fact it is not always possible to achieve the desired result. For complete combustion of the fuel and air mixture, the optimal proportions of fuel and air are necessary - 1: 14.7. With the help of DMRV ECU (electronic control unit, differently, the controller) "understands", which amount of air enters the cylinders and, depending on this, regulates the supply of fuel through the nozzles.

However, the controller is not aware of how the fuel is combined, and therefore the lambda probe is activated on the exhaust system. In some cases, it replaces the cheating of the catalyst sensor. The role of the sensor is to determine the amount of remaining oxygen after burning the fuel mixture and sending data to the ECU.

The computer, depending on the situation, takes appropriate measures:

• Small oxygen volume speaks about therefore fuel supply increases to be compared with the norm.
• With a large volume of oxygen, which indicates the controller, on the contrary, reduces the supply of fuel.
• With incorrect signals coming from the sensor, or their absence, the system begins to work in emergency mode, which is laid by the program.

Since the "Euro-6" requirement came into force, then on most cars are not one, but two elements. One of them is installed in front of the catalyst, and the other after it is. Often it is for this sensor that the catalyst is deceived with their own hands, the diagram of which will be given later on the text. The controller removes the testimony from both lambda probes, which allows you to more accurately adjust the fuel supply.

Catalyst malfunction

There are a number of signs for which you can judge the malfunction of the catalyst and begin to make the appropriate conclusions. They can be:

• the car can not get started or immediately stalls;
• bad overclocking, while the motor is gaining momentum slowly;
• But this feature may indicate nozzles for a malfunction;
• the exhaust color acquires a gray shade with an unpleasant odor;
• the presence of metallic sound during acceleration;
• check Engine indicator on the instrument panel.

In some cases, when on the ENGINE dashboard, it may highlight this in many ways to the catalyst, although the problem may be in another.

Options solving the problem

If the catalyst malfunction is detected, one of the effective ways to solve the problem has been used. This allows you to significantly save on the purchase of new equipment. Check the ECU in three ways:

• installation of mechanical decking;
• installation of electronic bellows (lambda-probe emulator);
• perform flashing computer.

Consider each of these techniques in more detail.

Mechanical method

The technique is to use the metal spacer, or the sleeve, which is placed between the oxygen sensor and the exhaust pipe. Anyone who some extent owns turning skills can make a deception independently. For the manufacture of parts, bronze is taken or heat-resistant steel. In addition, you will need a scheme of the deception itself, which is easy to find, many more benefits. With its absence, you can use the help of friends or acquaintances.

In the end of the sleeve there is a small hole with a diameter of 2 mm for the passage of exhaust gases. What is interesting, it is quite easy to cheering a catalyst with your own hands. The scheme provides for the presence of inside ceramic crumbs with a catalytic coating.

The whole essence is as follows. Exhaust gases first fall into the sleeve and pass through a ceramic filler. As a result, a chemical reaction occurs, which is why the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (CO and CH) decreases. After that, the gases reach the oxygen sensor, which transmits normal indicators to the ECU.

From a constructive point of view, the deception is the same catalyst only in a much smaller size. To install it, it is enough to adhere to an easy instruction:

• Remove the terminal "-" with a battery.
• To get to the location of the second oxygen sensor (which after the catalyst), if necessary, conducting partial disassembly.
• Disconnect the connector, unscrew the lambda probe key to 22 and install the sleeve.
• Screw the oxygen sensor into a snapping and connect the connector.

As can be seen, the installation of the deck on the catalyst is not as complex, as it may seem at first glance. It is more convenient to make all the work on a pit or lift.

Electronic method

Electronic destruction also gives a positive result, and everyone who friends with a soldering iron can collect her. For the manufacture of the simplest Details do not do without:

• non-polar capacitor with a capacity of 1 μF;
• resistor resistance 1 MΩ;
• soldering iron, knife, buds;
• solder;
• rosin.

Mounted electronic deception on the oxygen sensor wires. In some cars, the lambda probe connector is located in the cabin between the front seats. Others can be found in the engine compartment, and thirdly it is located again in the cabin under the torpedo.

Before installing the lambda probe emulator, you need to disconnect the negative battery terminal. Further actions can be performed according to the scheme:

• On the site before the connector remove part of the insulation.
• Cut the black wire, and the gap is connected to the resistor (soap).
• Condenser to connect with one contact with the gray wire, and the other with black, but after the resistor (closer to the connector).
• Inseulate the wires or do it after checking.
• At the end, it remains to start the engine and see if the Check Engine indicator will burn at any mode of operation. Perhaps you will need to go a little.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here. Only there is one clause: this method on some cars may not work. Resistors and capacitors need to be selected with a certain denomination. And if the oxygen sensor, which stands in front of the catalyst, is faulty, the controller does not make sense to "mislead". In addition, the electronic destruction of the catalyst can cause serious material damage to the car, since its design is improved from year to year. Therefore, it is better to do full details instead of the failed.

Refracting ECU.

This method is a fundamental solution to the problem. The meaning is reduced to the programming to eliminate from the "field of view" the oxygen sensor, standing after the catalyst. In this case, the computer will operate with data from the first lambda probe, and the alarm will not be turned on.

If the mechanical destruction of the catalyst can bring its fruits, then this method has a significant disadvantage: it is impossible to find the correct factory firmware. And the use of third-party funds can only be at your own fear, since there is a risk to ruin the engine performance. To solve this issue, you will have to look for an excellent specialist, and for money costs can be compared with the cost of the original spare parts. So is it worth it?!

Flexibly adjusts the composition of the fuel and air mixture, as a result of which it is possible to achieve the necessary ecology and engine efficiency.

At the same time, the lambda probe for various reasons may fail, and the catalyst is also often problematic. One way or another, but the engine will in this case will work unstable, the power loss occurs, the increased consumption of fuel, etc. is noted.

To force the motor to work normally, the decision becomes a lambda cheer. Next, we will look at what is cheating on the catalyst, as it works, as well as what pluses and cons is having the installation of the oxygen sensor.

Read in this article

What is needed to freeze lambda probe

So, if the catalyst or lambda probe failed, the deception allows you to normalize the work. Naturally, the toxicity of the exhaust in this case goes into the background. In fact, the lambda-probe deception is a device that performs the correction of the signal of the second oxygen sensor. This allows you to deceive the ECU by replacing the data on the real state of the catalyst.

• mechanical destruction of the oxygen sensor;
• electronic destruction of lambda probe;

The first type is a metal stroke, while the second is a separate electronic unit (signal emulator). In any case, the catalyst deception or lambda probe is often placed if there are problems with a catalyst.

The catalytic neutralizer over time can be damaged, melted, clogged with soot, mud, etc. In this case, the second lambda probe sends a signal that the catalyst does not work properly, "Check" lights up on the instrument panel.

ECU of the engine often translates the engine into an emergency operation. This leads to power loss, revolutions, increasing fuel consumption, etc. By the way, it happens so that the sensor itself fails, and not a catalyst. So, if there was a lambda sensor, it is impractical to put decerns, it's easier to change the lambda.

However, with a catalytic neutralizer, the situation is different. The cost of this element is extremely high. On the old car premium class, only a catalytic neutralizer in terms of cost can reach 1/8 of the total price of such a car in the secondary market.

I also add that it is not always a catalyst removed precisely because of his breakdown. Some owners deliberately remove the catalyst within the tuning to get more power. The catalyst itself is a filter that slightly reduces the efficiency of exiting exhaust gases. In turn, his removal, especially in the complex with other works, allows you to increase the power of the DVS.

As can be seen, the installation of the catalyst for the replacement of the old is quite expensive. Naturally, with such a possibility cheaper to deceive the ECU than to replace the catalyst. Also, the cheating allows the motor to work normally if the catalyst was removed, that is, this filter is removed by the owner intends.

Sleeping oxygen sensor: what it is and how it works

To understand how deception works, you must first consider the lambda probe and the principle of operation of the oxygen sensor. If simply, this sensor determines the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, comparing the composition of the exhaust with the reference clean air outside. Next, the signal is sent to the ECU, which adjusts the fuel mixture, changing the ratio of fuel and air.

The lambda probe device includes several components, but the basis is a galvanic element with a solid electrolyte (ceramics from Zirconium dioxide ZrO2). In fact, the sensor has two electrodes. One interacts with hot exhaust gases, while the second is in contact with the outer air.

By the way, the ability to measure the composition of the exhaust appears at the sensor only after heating up to 350-400 degrees Celsius (zirconium electrolyte receives conductivity and the electroplating cell becomes operational). To speed up the heating of lambda probe, the sensor has a heater on many auto auto to reduce the toxicity of the exhaust on the XX in the mode of warming the motor.

We go further. At first, the oxygen sensor was one, but over time, as well as taking into account the tightening of environmental standards to the euro-3 level and higher, the machines began to be equipped with at least two oxygen sensors.

The first lambda probe stands to the catalyst, is responsible for adjusting the fuel and air mixture. The second oxygen sensor is behind the catalyst and determines the amount of oxygen in the exhaust, which passed through the catalyst.

The computer compares data from two sensors, deviations from a given norm lead to what the error and the motor goes into the emergency mode. It turns out if the catalyst is clogged or cut it, the controller will issue an error. To get rid of it, you can restore the system, reflash the ECU or put a snapping. Consider all three ways.

• Mechanical destruction of the lambda probe is a steel spacer, where the catalytic element is pressed. As a rule, mechanical deckings are put on most cars without problems. The main thing is to choose a handheld under the car so that the result corresponds to this or another euro standard.

If briefly, such a fool is a small catalyst that filters the exhaust only next to the oxygen sensor. At the same time, most of the exhaust is not cleared and enters the atmosphere.

As a result, spent gases with such a level CO, CHX, as well as NOx, will come to the oxygen sensor, and NOX that the system does not see deviations and does not translate the motor into the emergency mode.

There is still "hollow" deckures, they purify the exhaust minimally, but at the same time they are suitable for cars not higher euro -3. To buy a lambda probe decelements of this type in practice it turns out cheaper than more "advanced" analogues.

The installation of the mechanical decking lambda probe on the car is quite simple. If the lambda probe is needed, you can install the element quickly and simply. You need to unscrew the oxygen sensor, screw in its place a snapping, and then into the housing of the bells to screw the sensor again.

• Electronic deception of lambda probe (lambda-probe electronic emulator) is actually an electronic unit with a condenser and a resistor that soldes into the gap of the sensor. This unit allows you to completely remove the testimony from the standard oxygen sensor.

On the one hand, the data can be completely replaced, but the more complex the chip turns out, the higher the probability of breakdowns of the block itself and problems in terms of compatibility with one or another car.

• Chipovka car EBU (flashing ECU) is also an affordable way for some cars. It is not suitable for all machines (usually not higher than Euro-3), but thus it is possible to programmatically turn off the lower lambda probe sensor.

It would seem that such a solution to the problem of the catalyst error is simple and affordable, however the cost of the service for experienced specialists is quite high. In turn, inexperienced chipovers may allow a number of errors, which leads to the emergence of problems with the work of the ECU and the engine itself.

It turns out that it is possible to programmatically turn off the oxygen sensor it makes sense only when the integrated engine tuning () is performed specifically and the exhaust system is being finalized, etc.

As can be seen, the catalyst error can be a real problem for the owner, it takes a large amount to replace the catalyst by car.

Of course, you can install lambda decking, but it should be remembered that this decision is not always possible to integrate qualitatively, especially on the "fresh" car. For this reason, it is advisable to adhere to some rules to increase the service life of the catalyst.

First of all, it is important to understand that bad fuel can withdraw the catalyst. It should be refueling only on proven gas stations, as well as pour gasoline such a brand, which the manufacturer of the car itself recommends (for example, it is impossible to pour cheaper AI-92 gasoline into the car, where the use of fuel AI-95 or AI-98 is allowed.)

The second one should not be actively pouring different, especially little-known manufacturers. The effect may be dubious, and the damage to the catalyst is large.

Third, any mechanical impact on the catalyst should be avoided (during the repair of the machine and during operation of the car). The fact is that the ceramic honeycombs of the catalyst are very fragile and can even crumble even with an aggressive roadway ride.

It is also necessary to pass puddles and snow dawns carefully, since in this case there is a rapid cooling of a strongly heated catalyst. Such temperature differences can quickly output fragile catalyst cells.

Let's summarize

Taking into account the above information it becomes clear that the catalyst and lambda probe directly affect the efficiency of the engine. For this reason, the problem with these elements does not allow the car to operate normally and require a professional solution.

Finally, we note that even taking into account the availability of several ways to solve the catalyst error, it is optimally striving to maximize the service life of the already existing neutralizer and oxygen sensors. If there is such an opportunity, the catalyst failed is better replaced.

Such an approach allows to reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and also eliminates the smell of exhaust gases, which will be present in the event of an installation and removal of the catalyst.

Read also

With a sharp press on the gas pedal, the engine twitches, jerks and failures appeared, the car does not gain speed: the main causes of malfunction and diagnosis.

To date, the quality of domestic gasoline leaves much to be desired. All those impurities that are very often added, lead to a row of breakdowns and disorders. And one of the main breakdowns is a violation of the lambda probe or catalyst. And the catalyst replacement is by car enthusiasts in a round sum, which leads to the fact that they often make the ceramic catalyst. But this leads to another problem - a check engine signal appears on the dashboard, which signals the absence of a catalyst. Very many, this light is annoying and even distracts the attention of drivers, which can lead to sad results.

But very often car enthusiasts and make mistakes, resulting in damage to the sensors. Here is an example of the most common:

1. Use of fuel whose mark does not match the engine;

2. When fastening the sensors, the use of sealants, which includes silicone; or such that reduce their plasticity at room temperature;

3. Multiple unsuccessful engine launches in a short period of time;

Interesting to know! On professional SUVs, the exhaust pipe is taken up not by beauty for the sake, but for practical purposes. After all, if the exhaust looks up, then the car passes the dirt or a deep ferrod, not drawing moisture into the pipe.

If you take cars that meet the EURO-4 environmental standard, then they have two lambda probe (hereinafter - the sensor): the first is in front of, and the second is the catalyst. And, as a rule, it is the second of the sensors most often fail. The signals received from these sensors must be different. But if the owner of the car removed the catalyst or replaced it with a flame relief, or, more likely, one of the sensors requires replacement, the signals obtained from these two sensors will begin to match that will turn on the emergency mode. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that the controller will select averaged parameters for injection. That is, fuel consumption increases, and at the same time the power of the engine is reduced, instability appears in its work at idle. Well, on the dashboard, Check Engine lights up.

It is interesting! In one American city, a competition was recently held, according to the rules of which the participants had to identify the brand of a sports car by sound. "Easily!" - Do you say? And with closed eyes? In total, about 150 cars took part in the competition, and the leaders of the identification became the sounds of Ferrari and Subaru!

If the car is older, then the sensor is usually installed only one. It is in front of the catalyst. This is interesting: the very first oxygen sensor was the part, which was a very sensitive element, not equipped with a heater. It was heated from exhaust gases, and therefore this process required time.

One of the solutions of this problem is to freeze lambda-probe, which can be made with their own hands, and it will cost it cheaper than buying a new sensor. There are three types of lambda probe toilets:

mechanical

Electronic

Refracting

Mechanical type of decking

If you have chosen a mechanical type of decking, then instead of the catalyst, the so-called "space service" is set, or, as it is also called, the sleeve. Place it between the exhaust pipe and the sensor. The size of this part, as you can see in the drawing of the lambda probe deceleration, strictly defined, and it is made of bronze or heat-resistant steel.

A small hole with a diameter of 2 mm is drilled in the spacer, through which the exhaust gases will be inserted into the spacer. Inside the spacer is placed in a church of ceramics, which is pre-coated with a catalytic layer. As a result of the interaction of exhaust gases with a crumb of ceramics, oxidation occurs, which leads to a decrease in the concentration of harmful substances at the output. This will lead to the fact that the data from both sensors will be different, and the control unit will take it for the standard operation of the catalyst.

In order to independently set the spacer, you need to perform several non-speed actions. You need to drive the machine on the pit / overpass and disable the minus terminal. Then we find the sensor and unscrew it. Next, connect the minus terminal and run the engine. If after that the electronic control unit gives an error - we repeat the procedure again. This version of the deception is the most economical.

This type of deception is great for all cars: both domestic and imported. It is interesting: according to research by the British insurance company Churchill, the direct-flow silencer increases the power of the car on average by 5%, but at the same time he worsens the driver's hearing for the year of intensive operation of the car by 2-3%.

Electronic type of decking

Make a deceptive electronic type is already much more complicated. The most advanced motorists independently solder the scheme and make a deception using one resistor or one condenser. For the easiest electronic deception you will need:

- Condenser (non-polar) K10-17B imp., Capacity 1MKF Y5V, +/- 20%, 1206 (Nomenclature number: 759300515)

Resistor (resistance) C1-4Imp. 0.25 W, 5% 1 Mom (Nomenclature number: 51741)

Soldering iron

Solder, rosin, insulating tape

Electronic destruction is installed on the wires that go from the sensor to the connector. Some cars have a connector in a tunnel between the driver's and passenger seats. It can also be both in the engine compartment and under torpedo. This is what the connections scheme looks like.

Most often, people wonder: "Where to put a condenser?" If you look from the connector, the first is the condenser, and after the resistor.

Important! Be sure to turn off the minus terminal before starting work. When all connections are connected, they need to be carefully isolate. Most successful will place the entire scheme in the plastic box and pour epoxy glue.

There is a whole connection to do in the place of the wire where the corrugation is easily disconnected, and then it is too closed isolation. Special devices with microprocessor are also sold - emulators.

Important! Lambda Probe emulator is not a deception. It provides the right operation of the control unit, and not just cheating it. The microprocessor installed in the emulator estimates exhaust gases, and also analyzes the signal processing situation from the first sensor. And after the afterms such a signal that corresponds to the signal from the second working sensor.

Refracting

In addition to the bellows, there is also a flashing of the control unit. The flashing is that after it the control unit ceases to take into account the signal from the sensor installed on the catalyst. In its work, it only focuses on the signal from the sensor installed in front of the catalyst.

It should be borne in mind that it is practically impossible to find the factory firmware, as they do not comply with the current European environmental standards. Alternatively, you can contact a well-known personnel, which, with some changes in the program, turn off the reception of the signal control unit from the second sensor, resulting in a catalyst destruction.

You can also order / buy firmware via the Internet or on the market, but then all responsibility falls on your shoulders, because you actually buy a "cat in a bag", since poor-quality firmware can lead to serious engine damage.

The first method provides for the installation of a catalyst deck, which will adjust the signal coming from the oxygen sensor. Flacks are two types - mechanical and electronic.

Lambda Probe Lambda - It is the bronze simplest size simpler, in the amount of which there is a ceramic crumb coated with a catalytic layer. The essence of this method is that exhaust gases, falling into the volume of spacer through a small hole, after which the excess CO and CH are oxidized by oxygen, as a result, its concentration is reduced. Electronics analyzes the change in signal sinusoids and concludes that the catalyst operates in normal mode.

Electronic lambda probe It is a high-tech device based on a microprocessor, it ensures the correct operation of the control system of the power unit of the car, and not only "removes" errors from self-diagnosis. A single-chip microprocessor actually understands what is happening with the exhaust and in what state it is, after which, analyzing the situation, performs the signal processing from the first lambda of the probe, after which it generates the output signal, exactly the same as the second sensor with a fully humbled catalyst.

The second version of the solution of the lambda probe implies flashing, that is, a change in the PCM firmware by exclusion from its code of calculating the dosage corrections coming from the rear oxygen sensor signal. The flashing containing the algorithm that performs the correction is calculated solely on the signal of the oxygen sensors that stand in front of the catalyst, without taking into account the signal coming from the rear lambda probe. This automatically eliminates the probability of recording in the memory of the catalyst error (P0420 - P0430).

Some PCM models exist factory firmware, but it is extremely rare. Most often there are no these programs, or no longer, since they do not satisfy the requirements of modern ecostandarts. The overwhelming majority of all firmware presented on the market and on the Internet are usually created "advanced" tuners or other "coils" that have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it is for what. However, it is very often precisely such custom firmwares that are able to cause serious damage to the engine or fully "soaking" it.

We have already told about why we need lambda-probes, which they are and how they work. Over the framework of the article remained the question of how to make these decens with their own hands. It is easy and accessible to many car owners. What is the point of doing the deceptions yourself if sold already ready? Reasons for at least two.

1. Finished products in any case will be more expensive. If, in the case of mechanical fools, the difference in value may not be very high, then the electronic deceptions it is significant.

2. It is not always possible to quickly find on sale the desired belling. When a serviceable car is needed urgently - sometimes faster make your hand delicate.

Types of debris, as we already know - two, so we will disassemble the independent version of the manufacture of both.

Manufacturing mechanical decking

How do you remember from last article, the basis of this type of decking metal sleeve. The optimal material for the manufacture of bronze, because it is the best of all opposes temperature effects. For self-making, the sleeve is needed a lathe and experience with it, but you can always find a turner, which will make the desired workpiece in the minimum fee. Drawing such.

Actually, in the simplest cases, this is already enough, but it will be optimal to fill the hollow part of the sleeve with ceramic crumb, which is not a problem. A homemade destruction is installed in the same way as purchased - unscrew the oxygen, we install the sleeve in its place, and the sensor itself is screwed into it.

The need to search for turner and contact him somewhat reduces the attractiveness of self-making mechanical deception, and the difference in cost will not be so big, but this option also has the right to existence, if for some reason the electronic destruction is not satisfied.

Manufacturing electronic tricks

It would seem that the electronic "device", which imitates the work of the lambda, should be very difficult, but in fact it is a very simple and primitive scheme that, nevertheless, works. For the manufacture, a car wiring scheme, a soldering iron, a knife, rosin, a non-polar capacitor on a 1MKF and a resistor on 1 mΩ or 150-200 com. Usually advised to take a resistor for 1 MΩ, but on some cars the simulation of the signal is not very accurate, "" is quenched, but the fuel mixture is not very correct, and the flow rate is high. Then it will be necessary to experiment a little with resistors.

1. It is necessary in the wiring scheme of your car to deal with how many and what wires go to the lambda probe. It happens from two to four wires, depending on the presence of additional heating. Most often it is four-contact sensors that are met, from these four contacts two are responsible for heating, they will not be required, and you need signal contact and weight. Almost all the schemes on the Internet indicates the color of the wires, but it is on your car that he may not coincide, so find alarm wire and mass need according to the scheme.

2. Further apply a knife and soldering iron. A resistor must be soldered into the signal wire, and there is a capacitor between the signal wire and mass. Naturally, all connections need to be insulated. In principle, after these manipulations, everything should earn.

Electro-freeze lambda. Photo - DRIVE2.

3. The third step is optional, but extremely desirable, because it can extend the life of the scheme. Additional elements and wires can place in a small plastic box or container and pour epoxy.

Even such a primitive scheme works perfectly well, and the cost of its manufacture is penal. Buy an electronic emulator will be very expensive. Yes, there are usually more advanced schemes, sometimes with microprocessors, but the difference in the cost can be tenfold. There is a stimulus to take a soldering iron.

In general, it is the electronic version that seems to us the most intelligent for self-making, the nuances can only be in the selection of the resistor, but they are inexpensive, it is not a great difficulty in the scheme one to another, so it is possible to experiment. As a result, it will turn out a fully worker "gadget" for a penny.