Driver fatigue sensor as it works. Closed his eyes - got into a cuvette

The reason for about 25% of all serious accidents on the road is the driver's fatigue and, as a result, falling asleep at the wheel. The greatest risk of falling asleep is observed on long journeys, especially in the dark and under monotonous road conditions. Practice shows that after four hours of continuous driving, the driver's response is reduced twice, after eight hours - six times.

The fatigue control system monitors the physical condition of the driver and if certain deviations fixes, warns the driver about the need to stop and rest. Depending on the method of assessing the tiredness of the driver, three types of systems differ. The first are built on the control of the driver's actions, the second - control of the movement of the car, the third - driver's view control.

Mercedes-Benz since 2011 installs the system on its cars Attention Assist.In which the control of the driver's actions was based on many factors: travel manner, driving behavior, use of management organs, character and conditions of movement, etc..

The ATTENTION ASSIST system design combines the steering wheel sensor, control unit, a signal lamp and a driver alert beep. The steering wheel sensor records the driver's dynamics to rotate the steering wheel. In its work, the system also uses the input signals of the sensors of other car systems: engine control, coursework, night vision, brake system.

The control unit processes the input signals and determines:

• driving style ( analysis of speed, longitudinal and lateral acceleration for 30 minutes. After the start of the move);
• driving conditions ( analysis of the time of day, duration of the trip);
• using controls ( analysis of the use of brakes, stealless switches, buttons on the control panel);
• the nature of rotation of the steering wheel ( speed \u200b\u200banalysis, acceleration);
• status of the Road Little ( side acceleration analysis);
• car motion character ( analysis of the longitudinal and lateral acceleration).

As a result of the calculations, deviations are established in the actions of the driver and the car trajectory. The instrument panel display shows a signal inscription about the need to take a break and a beep is performed. If, after the signals, the driver does not stop and continues to move in the drowsy state, the system repeats the signals with a frequency of 15 minutes. The system is activated at a speed of 80 km / h.

Unlike the Attention Assist system, the system Driver Alert Control, Dac From Volvo fixes only the nature of the movement of the car on the road. Ahead of the video camera fixes the position of the car on the movement strip. The deviation from the specified motion parameters is considered by the system as an offensive of the driver's fatigue. Depending on the driver's condition, two levels of warnings are implemented in the system - "soft" and "hard". Levels differ in the volume and tonality of the beep. The DAC system works in conjunction with the Lane Departure Warning system and is based on its structural elements. The activation of the system occurs at a speed of 60 km / h.

View control To assess the driver's fatigue is introduced by General Motors. The basis of the finished technology Seeing Machines.which is used in aviation, railway transport, career, commercial cargo transport. The special unit controls the degree of opening of the eyes and the direction of the driver's side view. When recognizing inattention, fatigue or driver's sleep, the system warns about the need to stop.

In addition to controlling the driver's fatigue, the system can be used to activate individual functions of the vehicle using a directional view (looked - turned on). In addition, if during rebuilding the driver does not use the rear view mirror, the system will remind him of the need for this action.

• Dubinin Alexander Alexandrovich, bachelor, student
• Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute
• Moiseev Yury Igorevich, Candidate of Science, Head of the Department
• Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch)

• SIGNAL
• FATIGUE
• DRIVER
• System for determining fatigue

This article discusses the system for determining the fatigue of the driver. A decision on the modernization of equipment that can eliminate the existing problem is proposed.

• Features of the use of tachographs in the passenger motor management system
• Development of methods for adapting the workflow of a diesel engine to work on a compressed gas
• Ability to install a turbocharger to the engine of a passenger car
• Development of a bus malfunction transmission system using a tachograph in order to reduce repair time

We all well know that on the road the driver is the main figure of the road, comparing such components as "road" and "car", for the most part of the driver's fault, accidents are made, namely two thirds of all car accident. One of the reasons is the psycho-physiological state of the man driving. Of course, experienced drivers know household techniques how to cheer out themselves before traveling for a distant distance and during their path. But often all these techniques work at no more than 4 hours, and if you go to the car also alone, for example, somewhere in another city, where you have to be driving more than 12 hours. Knowing in itself, a monotonous road, flashering trees, all this affects attention, driver response. It is worth noting that the drivers asleep behind the wheel are the cause of 25% of automotive accidents. Of course, everything can not be reduced on the driver alone and its condition. Road states, malfunction Motor vehicle, traffic versions. But all, I would like to return to the driver's condition.

After analyzing the machines and technology running with them, there are special systems for determining the driver's fatigue. The driver's fatigue control system monitors its psycho-physiological and physical condition of the driver, when identifying deviations from the norm to the specified system when analyzing movement, the footwear reports to the driver that you need to stop or relax. There are three basic fatigue recognition systems: a system of determining the driver's fatigue, the system of controlling the biometric parameters of the body, the system of tracking the exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Their destination is to tell the driver about his fatigue. There are many such devices and they all work in different ways. There are soot devices that, when deviating from the driver's norms, communicate with sound and light signals, physical, namely after detection of danger, for example, begins to vibrate seats. There are systems that, again, with deviation from the driver's norms, take the control of the car on themselves and operate offline. The operation of the system of determining the fatigue of the driver is indicated on "Fig. one".

Figure 1. Work of the driver fatigue definition system

Most instruments of the driver's challenge system definitions are operating autonomously and are not associated with a bm.

These are easily connected to the car. There are systems that are installed in front of the driver, feeding sensory signals, controlling the state of the person, its position of the head, its century and pupils and video surveillance systems.

There are SOWS that have contact directly with the person themselves, namely the bracelet that dresses on the hand and controls its states using the frequency of heartbeat and body temperature.

The device called Stopsleep. Which controls the state of a person using sensors that read the conductivity information on the conductivity of the skin.

All these devices with deviations from the driver's norm inform him about it, but besides the signals and light, the device does not use any actions by relationship to the car.

In connection with this problem, I would like to make changes that would affect the operation of instruments that are not related to the BSU of the car.

Consider on the example of tachogroph, the Atol DRIVE 5.

This device supports both wired and wireless data transfer technology on processing and control modules.

"TCCA-02NA" Production of CJSC "Measuring Author".

Violations are recorded and warnings about various violations (high-speed regime, exceeding labor time, the total driving time per day, the work of chip cards and much more) is recorded. The built-in printer allows you to print all the parameters on the thermal paper, and the information display will display the same information for reference. DRIVE 5 production atol.

An example is shown on "Fig. 2 "

Figure 2. Tachograph Atol "Driva 5"

Advantages: The presence of a cover on the device for quick replacement of SCJ and the battery element; allows you to minimize versions of technology during maintenance; 10 colors and the brightness of the backlight that can be configured by the driver themselves; The optimal design of the printing mechanism - the printer has the highest print speed among the devices presented in the market; Support for working with 2 characters; Slot expansion, universal solution for pairing with other side devices.

The main goal of the Tachograph is to prevent dangerous emergency situations arising from the driver's fault. Thanks to such a device, the driver will not exceed the speed mode and does not sit behind the steering wheel in the tired state.

We decided that the tachograph should be improved, namely the algorithm of his work. Consider the system algorithm.

We describe how the upgraded Tachhrofo model is working together with an infrared sensor that reads the size of the driver's pupil. The principle of action is depicted in Fig.3

Figure 3. Algorithm of the work of Takhagraf.

After turning on the ignition, the electronic control unit transmits Tachhrofo, which would start checking the system. After checking the system and the beginning of the car movement, the system of determining fatigue, namely the infrared sensor.

When the sensor is detected, that the driver has deviated from the norm, it transmits a signal to the dispatcher, that the driver falls asleep. After that, the dispatcher takes measures to eliminate this problem.

We disassembled the algorithm of the work of the standard tachogroph and have made changes to it that it is subsequently improved by the safety on the road, the driver, passengers and participants of the entire road.

Based on the information collected by me on SOW, it can be noted that development in this industry does not stand still. Scientists developers are trying to protect the driver with various systems, but we will not forget that after all the person controls the car and safety on the road depends on it. I would like every driver with responsibility with my profession and clearly understood that it was sitting behind the wheel in his hands there is not only his life, but also the life of passengers.

Bibliography

1. Systems for determining the driver's fatigue. Suslinnikov A. [Electronic resource].
2. http://systemsauto.ru/active/drowsiness_detection_system.html.
3. Device called Stopsleep [Electronic resource] .- http://savepearlharbor.com/ (Reference date 02.02.2017).
4. Tachograph: brands and models [Electronic resource]. - URL: http: postebor.ru/taxografy/cifrovye-taxografy/taxograf-continental-vdo-dtco-3283/ (date of handling 02.02.2017).
5. Moiseev Yu.I., Popov A.V., Rybanov A.A., Srkayev A.L. // Improving road safety due to the introduction of a self-learning system of determining the driver's fatigue on the vehicle // Article in the journal // Motor transport enterprise. - 2016 pp. 5-8
6. Izustkin A.E, Poluktov M.V, Moiseev Yu.I. // Enhance the efficiency of car operation equipped with tachographs // Steps in the collection of works of conference.- 2016 from 171-172

All vehicle drivers know that it is not always possible to get behind the wheel completely rested and sleeping, fully operational.

At the same time, almost everyone who encountered overwork, realizes that the driver cannot adequately respond and receive correct decisions in a tired condition. A tired and painful state can be compared with the condition of the driver who used alcoholic beverages, and in this case the safety of the road does not have to speak.

The pilot of the aircraft, the dispatcher, the face controlling the atomic reactor, is never allowed to work without inspecting the physician, at the same time many of us forget that the driver of the car is equal to this category, as it controls the source of increased danger to others.

According to paragraph 2.7 of the rules of the road "Driver is prohibited to control the vehicle in a painful or tired state."

If the driver is in a state fatigue, the level of safety of motion is significantly reduced - fatiguenegatively affects practically all the main functions of human perception, as well as some psycho-physiological characteristics.

First of all, the visual perception suffers: a tired driver seems worse sees deleted or minor objects on the road, cannot accurately determine the distance to one or another object or evaluate the speed of the rest of the road traffic. But not only the quality of perception deteriorates - fatiguethe most negative effect affects its organization: the tired man slowly switches attention from one object to another. The driver who controls the car is able fatigue, longer than usual, concentrates attention to individual objects encountered, and slowly reacts to sudden changes of the situation on the road.

Fatigueit is also able to negatively influence both a person's memory - many drivers noticed that at the end of any long-lasting trip, they spend a much larger amount of time not only to detect the signal, but also on its assessment, that is, on the processing of the information received. In phase fatiguea person usually manifests two types of unwanted reactions - both excessively slow and too fast.

Usually fatigueit develops during long trips behind the wheel and detects itself for 4-5 hours of driving. In a couple of hours fatigueit begins to be felt clearly, and drivers who sit at the wheel of more than 9 hours support their physical tone is already solely by their own volitional efforts.

If a performance the driver drops sharply (this, as a rule, occurs during long-term many hours of driving trips), the risk of the emergence of the road accident significantly increases.

The driver, feeling drowsiness, can overcome it for a while and reliably driving a car, but he must know that falling asleep can come suddenly and he may not notice this moment that it creates a very serious threat to road safety. Therefore, if you have drowned driving, it should not fight her on the go. It is necessary to stop and sleep a short time or do gymnastic exercises. Only after removing the drowsiness can be continued.

The characteristic sign of the upcoming fatigue can serve as the appearance, it would seem, minor error actions: scattered attention, the desire to straighten up, change the pose. With such signs of fatigue, it is necessary to stop moving immediately. The first signs of fatigue that appeared after a few hours behind the wheel are not dangerous for the driver and easily eliminate short-term recreation. It has been proven that with one and the same holiday time, several short breaks are much more efficient than one longest interruption.

The "Risk Group" among drivers are, as a rule, drivers carrying out passenger, long-distance and international transportation, as well as drivers of heavy vehicles.

Dear drivers! A tired or painful condition behind the wheel can cause a serious road traffic accident. Do not hurry to come home and relax, as such actions can lead to irreparable consequences. The best solution in such a situation will be short-term rest on the way!

Department of Propaganda OGIBDD.

According to statistics, one of the most frequent causes of automotive accidents is the driver's fatigue. Studies have shown that after four hours of driving, the reaction rate is usually reduced by two times, and already eight hours of travel, and there are really catastrophic results at all - a slowdown in the reaction is six times. And since each car manufacturer has always sought to make its products as safe as possible, after the studies conducted, the active developments of a special sensor began, which determines the level of driver fatigue.

Innovators in this area can be considered a Japanese company Nissan, whose specialists, already in 1977, was patented a truly revolutionary automotive technology. However, due to active work in other areas, the first working system of this kind was implemented only in a few years.

In fact, the first used new technology in practice Swedish Volvo, establishing the system called Driver Alert Control, which included a camera, showing the car behavior on the road, as well as the sensor itself, measuring the frequency and the steering wheel movement. The system has given certain signals when the steering movements indicators through the CHUR deviated from the norm.

Driver Alert Control offers the tired driver will stop and recover drinking a cup of coffee

Later, Mercedes joined the two automotive giants. The system has undergone some changes: it was decided to remove the camcorder and adding the sensor that reacted to the frequency and the power of pressing the pedal. In addition, the system was supplemented with indicators denoted by certain norms. The sensors were triggered by giving a signal to stop when these indicators were extremely deviated from normal. But such a system could not approach each driver. Later she was somewhat changed. Sensors were also installed to determine the wind on the side, and to assess the quality of road surfaces. Sensors were also added to determine the press buttons of the radio and control climate.

Such systems are also used on Skoda and Volkswagen machines.

Today, two types of system implementation are the most common. The first case involves measuring the behavior sensor on the road, which includes such characteristics, as the power of the brake and gas pedal, as well as the amplitude of the steering wheel movements. It is this kind of system that uses Volkswagen, Mersedes, Volvo and Skoda.

If we talk about the Japanese market segment, then a slightly different way is used here. That is why most attention is paid to psycho-emotional indicators of the driver of the vehicle. For control, a video camera is used here, which is designed to track facial and driver gestures. First of all, the system is configured to respond when the eye is closed, responding is warned by m signal. It is analyzed and how often the driver blinks, how deeply and measured it breathes, recognizing at the same time when a person just blinks behind the wheel, and when the eyes closes.

In general, the system in both cases works approximately equally.

To begin, the control unit is engaged in collecting and analyzing the information received from the chambers and sensors. This approach is intended to largely expand the capabilities of the system to recognize the existing conditions. After that, a certain driving manner of each driver is analyzed and determined to consequently adjust the system for individual parameters. Thus, the data obtained over time becomes the established norm in the system.

In the future, the incoming information will be compared with defined values \u200b\u200bin advance.

The time indicators of the initial measurement for each brand are purely individual. Usually the entire procedure takes from 15 to 30 minutes.

When deviating from normal indicators, the system gives a warning sound to the driver, notifying the need to stop.

Dac and Attention Assist's fatigue monitoring systems are monitoring the physical condition of the driver and, if necessary, give a signal that the driver is time to stop and relax. This check is carried out by three control options:

Attention Assist and DAC - fatigue control systems perform the function of tracking the driver's possibility to physically control the vehicle and, if necessary, give a signal to stop moving for recreation. Check is carried out by three types of control, which depend on the following behavioral factors:
1. The driver's behavior is estimated;
2. The driver's view is recorded;
3. The movement of the vehicle is controlled.

The ATTENTION Assist device, which observes the driver's behavior, Mercedes-Benz has been released since 2011. This device is guided by the following motivations: managing the car, driving control, driver's actions while driving and some other parameters.
Schematically, the fatigue control system consists of a steering sensor, a control indicator and audio alert, which warns the driver.

The sensor installed on the steering wheel monitors the change in the effort that turns out to be on the steering wheel during its rotation. The system also takes into account the information obtained from other control sensors: stability when driving, brake system, visibility limitations and engine parameters.
The signals entering the device are processed by defining the following parameters:
but) For half an hour from the beginning of the movement, the speed and lateral acceleration of the car (driving style) are analyzed;
b) the condition at which the movement takes place (the time of day, and the duration of the trip is also taken into account);
in) The following nodes are analyzed: buttons located on the steering wheel and under it switches and the brake system;
d) Analyzed the force of impact on the steering wheel;
e) The condition of the road surface and the behavior of the car during the movement (acceleration side and longitudinal).
Analyzing all these parameters, the system establishes disorders in the driver's actions and changes in the direction of the vehicle. After that, on the location, on the instrument panel, the screen is sent to sound with sound support so that the driver stops for recreation. If the driver in a sleepy state ignores the signal and continues to move, the system continues to remind him of this every 15 minutes. It should also be reminded that control over the condition of the driver, starts working at speeds more than 80 km / h.

At Volvo control over the driver's status Driver Alert Control (or DAC) differs from Attentional Assist, in that it is monitored, only the trajectory of movement on the highway, and the video control, which follows the route of the vehicle route determines its stay in the roadway strip. If suddenly the car begins to leave the mounted borders, the system responds to it as a driver's fatigue and gives two warning signals: "soft" and "hard" both of these signals depend on the overall health of the driver and differ from each other with volume and tonality. The DAC system operating in conjunction with the Lane Departure Warning system elements is activated when the vehicle speed reached 60 km / h.

A special built-in block, which sets General Motors, where the base is already the test method of Seeing Machines, asking the condition of the driver's glance, is installed not only on the car, but also on railway transport. The task of the block to control the openness of the driver's eye and their concentration and when the signs of fatigue or loss of care and a close state of the state, the system immediately gives a command to stop vehicle.
Also, the driver's fatigue tracking system can also control other functions of the car, such as the direction of the view, you can enable or disable those or other options on the instrument panel. Or when committing any maneuver, notify the driver that he forgot to look into the mirror.