Горева Елена. КГУ им.Н.А.Некрасова, Кострома, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Люди и общество

Our society and its problems

We live in the twenty first century, it is the era of computers, robots and machines which are able to make our life easier. It seems that people of our time should have no problems of any kind at all. Computers do the biggest part of our work, modern gadgets help us at home. However, nowadays we have much more problems than our grandparents had when they were young. I cannot say that their life was perfect, of course not, it was really very difficult, but in that time there were absolutely different problems. Problems of modern society can lead to hard consequences for our lives. They are able to kill everyone and everything in the world.

All the problems can be divided into three groups: problems between countries, between a person and society and between society and nature.

The first group of problems is connected with disagreements between different countries. The main problem I want to tell you about is danger of beginning the World War III, in other words, nuclear war. I am sure that this war will be the last in the world. It will put an end to everything. Now practically every country has nuclear bombs. Unfortunately there is such a possibility that terrorists may have this weapon. Correspondingly, here is another problem - world terrorism. I think all the countries have suffered from it. Common people die because somebody wants to prove something to the government or just to punish it. This kind of war is becoming widely-spread throughout the world. Several times a month we can hear bad news about death of people. Inhabitants of big cities are afraid to appear in public places as they are a great target for terrorists. The other problem is globalization. On the one hand, this phenomenon has a lot of advantages, it helps to get people united. But on the other hand, we forget our culture, traditions and become like others.

The next is the group of problems between society and a person. The most important problem is demographic. The amount of people are becoming less every year, the cause is that nowadays more people die. It happens because we value money and a good job much more than family, children. The average amount of people get married at the age of 30-35. In the modern family there is just one or two children. So we do not have people to replace us in the future. Another problem is unemployment. Many people are unemployed today. To find a job is very difficult for young graduates. In most cases they have to work in another sphere not connected with their education. Right now, there is also a big gap between the low-income people and the high income people and this is becoming a problem. Low-income people are starting to get lower wages and higher income people are starting to get higher wages.

The third group is problems between society and nature, ecological problems. The progress causes pollution. Everything, our society has, leads to destruction of the environment: cars, air conditioners, refrigerators, factories, cans influence the nature badly. Our planet is in serious danger. Global warming, water and air pollution are not all the problems we may have in the future. Most of us do not realize that we can destroy the Earth leaving our children without a place to live. In my opinion, this is the problem which we are able to solve. People need to care about the environment more, not only use it, but also try to help it. We should not only take, but give back, too.

It is said that there is no bad society, there is only bad people. In other words, the problem is in ourselves. Most of problems can be solved. Not only the government, but also all people are in charge. People and the government should get together and try to solve these problems in order to make this planet a safe and good place to live. If these problems are not solved, there might not even be the Earth in the future to live on.

Мы живем в двадцать первом веке, это время компьютеров, роботов и машин способных делать нашу жизнь проще. Казалось бы, у людей нашего времени не должно быть проблем вообще. Компьютеры делают большую часть работы за нас, современные приспособления помогаю нам дома. Однако, сейчас у нас намного больше проблем, чем у наших бабушек и дедушек, когда они были молодыми. Я не могу сказать, что их жизнь была идеальна, конечно же нет, она была очень тяжелой, но проблемы того времени были абсолютно другими. Проблемы современного общества могут привести к тяжелым последствиям в нашей жизни. Они способны убить всех и всё в мире.

Все проблемы можно поделить на тригруппы: проблемы между странами, между человеком и обществом, и между обществом и природой.

Первая группа проблем связана с разногласиями между странами. Главная проблема, о которой я хочу вам рассказать, это угроза начала третьей мировой войны, другими словами, ядерной войны. Я уверена, что эта война будет последней в мире. Она положит конец всему. Сейчас практически в каждой стране есть ядерные бомбы. К сожалению, существует такая возможность, что это оружие попадет в руки к террористам. Соответственно, отсюда вытекает другая проблема - мировой терроризм. Я думаю, каждая страна уже пострадала от него. Простые люди умирают, потому что кто-то хочет доказать что-то правительству или просто наказать его. Этот тип войны очень распространился по всему миру. Несколько раз в месяц мы слышим плохие новости о смерти людей. Жители больших городов боятся появляться в общественных местах, так как они отличная цель для террористов. Другая проблема - глобализация. С одной стороны, у этого явления много плюсов: глобализация объединяет людей. Но, с другой стороны, мы забываем свою культуру, традиции и становимся как все.

Следующая группа проблем между обществом и человеком. Главная проблема - демографическая. С каждым годом людей становится меньше, причина в том, что больше людей умирает. Это происходит из-за того, что мы ценим деньги и хорошую работу больше, чем семью и детей. Среднее число людей женится в возрасте 30-35 лет. В современной семье рождается только один - два ребенка. Таким образом, в будущем нас некому будет заменить. Другая проблема - безработица. Сегодня многие люди не работают.Для выпускников найти работу очень сложно. В большинстве случаев они работают не по профессии. Сейчас очень большая разница между людьми с низким доходом и людьми с высоким заработком и это становится проблемой. Люди с маленьким заработком получают меньше зарплаты, а люди с большим заработком стали получать больше.

Третья группа - проблемымежду обществом и природой, экологические проблемы. Прогресс является причиной загрязнения. Всё, что есть у общества, приводит к разрушению окружающей среды: машины, кондиционеры, холодильники, заводы, жестяные банки плохо влияют на природу. Наша планета в серьезной опасности. Глобальное потепление, загрязнение воды и воздуха не все проблемы, с которыми мы можем столкнутся в будущем. Многие из нас не представляют, что мы можем уничтожить землю, оставив наших детей без места для жизни. По моему мнению, эту проблему можно решить. Людям надо больше заботиться об окружающей среде, не только пользоваться ей, но и помогать тоже. Мы должны не только брать, но и отдавать.

Говорят, нет плохого общества, есть плохие люди. Другими словами, проблема в нас. Большинство проблем может быть разрешено. Не только правительство, но и все люди в ответе за это. Люди и власть должны объединиться и попытаться решить проблемы, чтобы сделать нашу планету безопасным и хорошим местом для жизни. Если эти проблемы не будут решены, то возможно в будущем не будет Земли

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The writer basically talks about the conditions, events, problems, and trends of the larger regions as well as the individual nations. The writer basically uses a cross-disciplinary approach and talks about the physical landscapes and the culture that is being followed in the Asian-Pacific countries where most of the people live, mainly China and Japan. Moreover, some of the highest mountains and longest rivers are also found in Asia. These populated countries consist of many people belonging to various ethnic groups who follow different cultures, religions and speak different languages.

(Weightman, 2001).

The chapters that I would be mainly focusing are based on the aspects of people and society in Pacific Asia. The people of Japan mostly reside in Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido and Shikoku. The two terms that means people of Japan are Nipponjin and Nihonjin and they basically resemble the Tibetans. Japan has a very high population and in 2002 it was declared to be the 10th most populous countries; however the Japanese population has been facing a decline due to the western influence because of which small household have become a trend.

Japan has a homogenous culture, tradition and language and the main religions are Buddhism and Shinto.

Most of the people in Japan live in the urban areas than in cities. (Maps of the world. com, n. d.). Like Japan, China is also one of the populous countries in the world. China is a multi ethnic country and majority of the population speak Chinese. (Welcome to China, n. d.). Most of the people in China grow rice, ride bicycles and fewer cars can be seen only in cities. They Chinese people prefer doing things in the old ways their ancestors used to. The Chinese people use the decimal system as their currency that consists of paper money as well as the coins.(Ebrey, n. d.).

Reference Ebrey, P. B. (n. d.). People. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://depts. washington. edu/chinaciv/geo/people. htm Maps of the world. com. (n. d.). People of Japan. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. mapsofworld. com/japan/culture/people-of-japan. html Weightman , B. (2001). Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia. 2nd Edn. Wiley, Hardcover. Welcome to China. (n. d.). People of China. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. tooter4kids. com/china/people_of_china. htm

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Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society?

According to the Oxford Dictionary, a «social network» is a dedicated website or other application which enables users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, etc.
There are several types of social networks. Some of them are primarily for socializing with existing friends; others can help you to find specific information.
The most basic feature of these websites is a profile with a list of «friends» who are also users of the site. A profile is generated from answers to questions, such as age, location, interests, etc. Some sites allow users to upload pictures, add multimedia content or modify the look of the profile. User profiles often have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. To protect user privacy, social networks typically have controls that allow users to choose who can view their profile, contact them, add them to their list of contacts, and so on. Apart from chatting with your friends and meeting new people who share your interests, social networks allow you to follow pages of celebrities you are interested in or groups that post information you need.
Today social networking sites spread any information faster than any other media. Over 50% of people learn about breaking news on social media. At the same time, not all the information spread in the social media is trustworthy. There were several cases when rumors spread in a social network caused panic in Mexico City in 2012.
Many users complain about lack of privacy but, on the other hand, there are cases when posts in social networks helped police to catch criminals.
Whereas in general Internet helps students to do better at school and they often use social networks to discuss educational topics and school assignments, the researches show 20% decline in test results of students who used social networking sites while studying.
Social networks seem to have improved our communication a lot. They help not only to keep in touch with friends and relatives who live far away but also to improve relationship with old friends and make new ones. At the same time some adults and especially teenagers have experienced problems with face-to-face communication after spending too much time in online dialogues.
Although social networks help employers to find employees and job-seekers to find a job, overuse of them can harm job stability. Researches prove that 40% of 8 to 18 year olds spend 54 minutes a day on social media sites. When alerted to a new social networking site activity, users take 20 to 25 minutes on average to return to the original task.
To sum up, all these fact show us that we should be careful while using social networks. They are great source of information and give us new opportunities for communication, but we should be aware that some information may be false and misleading. And what is more, we should not waste or precious time and forget about face-to-face communication in real life.

Согласно Оксфордскому словарю, «социальная сеть» - это посвященный чему-либо веб-сайт или другое приложение, которое позволяет пользователям общаться друг с другом путем размещения информации, комментариев, сообщений, изображений и т.д.
Существует несколько типов соцсетей. Некоторые из них главным образом для общения с вашими друзьями, другие могут помочь вам найти конкретную информацию.
Основная черта всех этих сайтов - наличие профиля со списком «друзей», которые также являются пользователями данного сайта. Профиль создается из ответов на вопросы о возрасте, месте жительства, интересах и пр. Некоторые сайты позволяют пользователям загружать изображения, добавлять мультимедийное содержание или изменять внешний вид профиля. В пользовательских профилях часто есть раздел, посвященный комментариям друзей и других пользователей. Обычно, чтобы защитить конфиденциальную информацию пользователей соц.сети устанавливают средства управления, которые позволяют пользователям выбирать, кто может просматривать их профиль, общаться с ними, добавлять их в свой список контактов и т.д. Помимо общения с друзьями и знакомства с людьми, разделяющими ваши интересы, соцсети позволяют следить за страницами интересных вам знаменитостей или группами, где размещают необходимую вам информацию.
Сегодня соц.сети распространяют любую информацию быстрее, чем любые другие СМИ. Более 50% человек узнает об основных новостях из соцсетей. В то же время, не вся информация, распространяемая социальными СМИ, является достоверной. Было несколько случаев, когда слухи из соц.сетей приводили к панике в Мехико в 2012 году.
Многие пользователи жалуются на несоблюдение секретности, но с другой стороны, есть случаи, когда публикации в соц.сетях помогали полиции поймать преступников.
Тогда как в целом Интернет помогает учащимся лучше учиться в школе, и они часто используют соцсети для обсуждения проблем образования или домашних заданий, исследования показывают, что результаты учащихся, которые пользовались соцсетями во время учебы ниже на 20%.
Похоже, что соц.сети значительно улучшили общение. Они помогают не только поддерживать связь с друзьями и родственниками, которые живут далеко, но и улучшают отношения между старыми друзьями, помогают завести новых. В то же время некоторые взрослые, а особенно подростки испытали проблемы в живом общении после того, как провели много времени в диалогах в интернете.
Хотя соцсети помогают работодателям найти работников, а тем, кто ищет работу, найти ее, чрезмерное их использование может нанести вред стабильности работы. Исследования доказывают, что 40% людей в возрасте от 8 до 18 лет проводят в среднем 54 минуты на сайтах соцсетей. А после получения сигнала о новом действии на сайте социальной сети, у пользователей уходит в среднем 20-25 минут, чтобы вернуться к изначальному заданию.
В целом, все эти факты показывают, что мы должны быть осторожными, когда пользуемся соцсетями. Они являются отличным источником информации и приносят новые возможности для общения, но мы должны понимать, что некоторая информация может быть ложной и ввести в заблуждение. Более того, мы не должны терять впустую драгоценное время и забывать о живом общении в реальной жизни.

Vocabulary:

assignment - задание
controls - средства управления
breaking news - срочная \главная новость
decline - снижение
dedicate - посвящать
face-to-face communication - живое общение
improve - улучшать
media - средства массовой информации, сми
research - исследование
social network - социальная сеть, соцсеть
trustworthy - достоверный
to be in touch with - находиться в контакте\на связи с...

Answer the questions
1. What is the definition of «social network»?
2. What types of social networks do you know? What is the difference between them?
3. What are the main features of most social networks?
4. Translate the underlined expressions. Use them in your own sentences about social networks.
5. Explain what these numbers from the text mean: 20, 50,20-25, 54, 2012

Procedure of the lesson.

2. People have long been fighting for human rights to live a happier and more decent life.

Look through the pages from “The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights” in hand-outs # 2 (рисунок 2)

Work in groups, identify 3 kinds of human rights: economic, cultural, political.

3. Nowadays there are people who are concerned about the violation of human rights. There are PG (Pressure Groups) in many countries.

Imagine you and your class-mates are a PG (Pressure Group). What would you do to make the Government change the life of people in your country for the better?

4. You are free to disagree with me, but, don’t you think it’s up to people themselves to change their life for the better?

Do you think a better life really depends only on the Government?

What do you understand by the words “active social position”?

Do you think that schoolchildren should participate in social activities in our country on a wider scale than today? 2 5. There are not only rights, but there are also responsibilities for the members of human society. Do you consider yourselves law-abiding?

How do you understand the proverb “One law for the rich, the other for the poor?”

5. Let us see what social activities you might participate in.

Brainstorm and generate some ideas!

Divide into groups focused on the following matters:

- “Friends of the Earth” or” FOE” (“Friends of the Earth”) group;

- “Anti- smokers” or “ ASA” (“Anti-Smokers-Anti- Drinkers”) group;

- “Alcohol is poison” group;

- “Rough words are an insult” or “MYL” (“Mind Your Language”) group;

-“ Keep the place you live in clean!” or “C and M” (“Cindirella” and “Moidodirs”) group;

- “Shelter for stray animals” or “TCA” (“Take Care of Animals”) group ;

- “We are here to help you” or “KINDers” group (takes care of veterans and disabled, lonely people who need help)

Design your own program and plan your activities (make a poster, a motto of your group, a uniform, a wallpaper, etc…). Prepare your presentation.

6. Let’s have a mini-discussion “What does it mean to be a good citizen?”

-“Character is what you are doing when there’s nobody around”.

Do you agree with the saying? Exchange your opinions.

What do you think the attitude of GOOD citizens to their countrymen, to the people who surround them, should be like?

-“Push forward, but remember, there are people around you!”

Should people living in society keep it in mind? Why?

7. Look through the following posters which are put on the walls in some American schools. Choose one or two and share your opinions in a short discussion.

Remember “The rules of successful conversation”:

Speak distinctly!

Don’t monopolize the conversation!

Don’t interrupt, but throw some replicas, if they don’t stop the ball of conversation rolling!

Bring back the subject after a diversion, if it happens!

Don’t abruptly change the subject!

Be polite, don’t criticize, if it is not necessary!

Avoid using “parasitic” words!

Consider the time, the volume and the tempo of your speech!

Be an attentive listener!

POSTERS.

CITIZENSHIP: CHARACTER COUNTS!

ARE YOU A GOOD CITIZEN?

Character is what you are doing when there’s nobody around;
- do you cooperate with others?
- do you obey rules and laws?
- do you do your share to make your school and community better?
- do you help protect the Earth?
- do you sometimes litter in public places?

RESPECT: CHARACTER COUNTS!

Are you respectful? Do you treat others the way you would want to be treated?

Are you polite and courteous? Do you treat others well even if they look, act or believe differently than you do? 3

FAIRNESS: I AM FAIR

I share;
- I listen to everyone’s ideas and viewpoints;
- I treat all people equally;
- I include everyone;
- I work to change things that are unfair.

TEN GREAT WAYS TO TREAT OTHERS:

Use kind words;
- help when you can;
- share and take turns;
- listen to what others want to say;
- be honest and truthful;
- think before you speak or act;
- remember your manners;
- hold your temper;
- think about the feelings of others;
- work and play fairly.

8. There are some ideas which may help you develop your opinion about a good citizenship.

Read them and say if you agree or disagree, explain why.

People are not just pawns on a chessboard to be moved at the whim of politicians.

They can influence their destiny.

No person is an island; all of us are interdependent.
- Push forward, but, remember, there are people around!
- Show respect for others, and they will show respect for you.
- Initiative is doing the right thing without being told.

9. Let us sum up the lesson in a cinquain, a short Japanese poem, each line of which contains the main idea expressed with a minimum of words, e.g.:

A good citizen;
- law-abiding, respectful, tolerant;
- respects, cooperates, protects;
- never puts others down;
- a good destiny for the country.

10. Home assignment: Make a presentation of your Community Club.

On the TV, on the radio, in the newspapers, every day we can hear and read that old, traditional values have devaluated, that they are able to bring nothing good to modern world. But is it really so? In my opinion the nowadays, modern society cannot afford to reject the traditional values. Any society at any time will need some universal and never changing values and rules to provide basement for functioning and development.
First of all there are some values which will never devaluate. The set of them is called natural law - some believe they had been given to human by God, the others that they come from the "inside" of the man; the feeling, that one cannot do to somebody else what would be bad for himself. This law is a basic ground for all codes of "formal" law produced ever since by any human civilisation in any part of the world. And it"s surprising how much they all agree about these natural laws.
Furthermore every society will need the values which must not change throughout the centuries to support its own functioning and development. The values which will bring order and safety enabling the society to develop and rise. In all known civilisations these values are: family, rejecting killing, murder and theft, honesty, modesty, freedom and religion. The set of these values is present in every religion and belief, every law code and it has been taught to youngsters at all times.
In the army there is a saying that the code of regulations had been written with the blood of these who did not comply with it. It can quite as well be said about the traditional values in the modern society (they are actually some kind of "code of regulations" for life) - they contain the knowledge and experiences of the past generations which are priceless.
There are of course the opponents of this view. In their opinion the modern society has to develop new values and new rules, since the old ones are no more useful.

Essays Related to Modern society

1.

As we know, we all are living in the modern society in today"s world. ... By analyzing those characteristics of the two kinds of societies, it will become obvious that modern society has been more advanced than traditional society. In the first place, family pattern has huge difference between traditional and modern society. ... Third points, the issue of child labor are existing all the time, not only in traditional society, but also in modern society. ... In modern society, more and more people realize that education is the best way to improve their live. ...

• Word Count: 1927
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

2.

Chemistry has played a major role in pharmaceutical advances, forensic science, and modern agriculture. ... Chemistry plays a very significant role in today"s society. Without chemistry, modern advances would be nearly impossible. ...

• Word Count: 469
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3.

The Positive Influence of Sports on Modern Society Modern society has numerous flaws. ... The place of sports in a modern society helps to encourage a healthy society by giving children positive role models, bringing people together with a common bond and even uniting the world in healthy competition. ... As many flaws as modern society contains, sports seem to override them. ... Sports undoubtedly help some people deal with problems and others make new, long lasting friendships, and therefore have a wonderful, irreversible place in our modern society. ...

• Word Count: 726
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4.

The societies expect from universities to become a place which creates culture and social values and transfers it to society by students. So, universities have really important responsibilities for societies. ... The autonomy of the establishment is not enough to occur modern thinking. ... In order to do that, rich libraries and laboratories which have modern equipment are necessary. Briefly, universities are pioneers to develop societies and they have also responsibilities in economic and social life. ...

• Word Count: 504
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

5.

Because of one man and woman, sin had become a barrier to having a perfect society as well as an obstacle to human happiness in today"s modern world. ... As have been argued by many, faith in this Truth is integral to this modern world once again becoming a utopia. ... What would a modern utopia look like? To begin with painting a picture of a modern society one should duly note that a fictional utopia is personal and imaginary and varies from person to person. ... In a modern utopia gluttons would be unheard of and drunkards would be a thing of the past. ...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

6.

An effect of this is that Institutions in modern day India have accepted social and economic inequality because of the dharma concept. ... This is definitely the case in Indian society. ... Over time the concept of ethical conduct has now become forefront in Indian society. ... The practices, texts and beliefs of Hindus have greatly influenced the shaping of India"s modern civilisation. ... Altogether, however positive or negative the influence may have been, Hindu practices, text and beliefs have greatly influenced and shaped modern day India....

• Word Count: 1545
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

7.

Those that accepted it became what was known as modern societies or simply put Capitalist societies. Capitalist or modern societies are very complex in structure. ... These for Marx were the crucial elements of modern society. ... The transition from old to modern society was a very complex and relatively quick one. ... Today"s modern societies owe much to them!...