Interesting and unusual objects in space. space object

Our Universe contains an amazing variety of celestial objects called celestial bodies or astronomical objects. Although the majority of visible space is made up of empty space, that cold, dark void that is inhabited by a number of astronomical objects that range from the common to the strange. Known to astronomers as celestial objects, celestial bodies, astronomical objects and astronomical bodies, they are the material that fills the empty space of the Universe. Most of us are familiar with the stars, planets and satellites. But besides these well-known celestial objects, there are many other amazing sights. There are colorful nebulae, wispy star clusters and massive galaxies. Add to this pulsars and quasars, black holes that absorb all matter that passes too close. And now try to identify the invisible substance known as dark matter. Click on any image below to learn more about it, or use the menu above to navigate your way through celestial objects.

Stars

For many centuries, millions of human eyes, with the onset of night, direct their gaze upward - towards the mysterious lights in the sky - stars of our Universe. Ancient people saw various figures of animals and people in clusters of stars, and each of them created its own history.

Exoplanets

Exoplanets- These are planets located outside the solar system. Since the first discovery of an exoplanet in 1992, astronomers have discovered more than 1,000 such planets in planetary systems around the Milky Way galaxy. Researchers believe they will find many more exoplanets.

Asteroids and comets

Comets and asteroids are the remains of celestial bodies formed during the formation of the Solar System. When we think about the Solar System, we imagine the planets and their satellites and the Sun itself. But there are many more celestial bodies in it. The solar system is literally flooded with smaller objects - asteroids and comets.

Nebulae

Word " nebula" comes from the Latin word for clouds. In fact, a nebula is a cosmic cloud of gas and dust floating in space. More than one nebula is called a nebula. Nebulae are the basic building blocks of the Universe.

Star clusters

Some stars are part of an entire group of stars. Most of them are binary systems, where two stars orbit around their common center of mass. Some are part of a triple star system. And some stars are simultaneously part of a larger group of stars, which is called “ star cluster».

Galaxies

Galaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity. They can vary greatly in size and shape. Most objects in space are parts of some galaxy. These are stars with planets and satellites, asteroids, black holes and neutron stars, nebulae.

Pulsars are some of the strangest objects in the entire Universe. In 1967, at the Cambridge Observatory, Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish studied the stars and found something completely extraordinary. It was a very star-like object that seemed to be emitting rapid pulses of radio waves. The existence of radio sources in space has been known for quite some time.

Quasars

Quasars are the most distant and brightest objects in the known Universe. In the early 1960s, scientists identified quasars as radio stars because they could be detected using a strong source of radio waves. In fact, the term quasar comes from the words “quasi-stellar radio source.” Today many astronomers call them QSOs in their writings

Black holes

Black holes, undoubtedly the strangest and most mysterious objects V space. Their bizarre properties can challenge the laws of physics of the Universe and even the nature of existing reality. To understand what black holes are, we must learn to think outside the box and use a little imagination.

AND dark energy- this is something that is not visible to the eye, but their presence has been proven through observations of Universe. Billions of years ago, our Universe was born after the catastrophic Big Bang. As the early Universe slowly cooled, life began to develop within it. As a result, stars, galaxies and other visible parts of it were formed.

As you know, we call shooting stars the space objects entering our atmosphere. As they enter the earth's atmosphere, they begin to burn, emitting a bright glow that makes them visible to the naked eye. And not every one of us knows that in space, in fact, there are shooting stars. Astronomers call them “super-velocity” or “hyper-velocity”. Such objects contain a special gas. Their shape is most often round. They move at great speed.

“High-speed” stars appear in a very interesting way: when a two-star system approaches a black hole (located in the center of our galaxy, for example), falling into its field of action, one star is pulled into the hole, and the second is thrown out of the galaxy at incredibly high speed.

"Deadly Planets"

The planet Gliese 581C is uninhabitable. It revolves around its star, which is a “red dwarf”. Its size is several times smaller than that of the sun, so it cannot sufficiently illuminate its neighbor Gliese 581C.

Gliese 581C is constantly facing its star with only one side, so the temperature on its illuminated side is greatly elevated. The reverse side never receives light and is therefore excessively cold. Theoretically, between these sides there is a strip with a relatively normal temperature in which life could exist, but this is only an assumption.

Castor star system

Some star systems contain several luminaries. For example, in the Castor system there are as many as six of these luminaries, which makes it unique. All these luminary stars revolve around the central object, forming a solid system characterized by high luminosity.

Two Castora stars belong to class A, the remaining four are “red dwarfs” of class M. The luminosity of the star system as a whole exceeds the luminosity of our Sun by 53 times.

“A space object with the taste of raspberry and the smell of rum”

The above sounds very strange, but, in fact, such an object exists in the space we have studied. In the central part of our galaxy (Milky Way) there is a relatively small dust cloud. Astronomers call it Sagittarius B2. In theory, this object should smell like rum and taste like raspberry. The fact is that it consists mainly of ethyl ester of ant acid, which, as is known, has exactly this taste and aroma.

"Planets Made of Hot Ice"

Above we examined one of the components of the planetary system “Gliese 581”. It turns out that there is another interesting object in this system, which was called “Gliese 436B”. It is a ball of hot ice. The ice temperature of Gliese 436B reaches 439 degrees Celsius. The most remarkable thing is that on this planet there is water, the molecules of which prevent people from melting.

"Planet Diamond"

A special space object “55 Cancri E” is called a diamond planet, located in the planetary system “55 Cancri”, which, in turn, is located in the constellation called Cancer “HD 75732”. “55 Cancer E” is a solid diamond, which can be valued at $26.9∙1030. Once this object was part of a binary star-type system, but suddenly a neighboring object began to absorb it. The second star was never able to completely absorb the carbon core of 55 Cancri E, which caused the formation of diamonds. After the above incident, “55 Cancer E” became an ideal place for the emergence of precious stones: high temperature (1648 degrees Celsius) was perfectly combined with high pressure and excessive amounts of carbon.

Cloud "Himiko"

The Himiko Cloud has been recognized as the most massive cosmic object that astronomers have ever discovered, which can be seen as it was approximately 800 million years after the Universal Big Bang. The size of this object is only two times smaller than our galaxy. Himiko was attributed to the period of "reinization" and is now considered the most basic source of information about the formation of the first galaxies.

"Universal Reservoir"

The largest body of water is located at a distance of 12 billion sv. years from Earth, in the central part of the quasar, in close proximity to the supermassive hole. The amount of liquid there is 140 trillion times more than in all of Earth's oceans combined. It should be noted that the water in the “Ecumenical Reservoir” is not in a liquid state, but in a gaseous state.

"Universal Power Plant"

Relatively recently, astrophysicists discovered a super-powerful current (1018 amperes) in the Universe, represented in the form of 1 trillion lightning bolts. Scientists theorize that these lightning bolts are produced by a massive hole. If this is so, then its core should be a super-powerful relativistic jet.

To ordinary people, our galaxy seems incredibly large. So, the object described above is a current source one and a half times larger than it.

"Quasar Community"

A group of quasars that astronomers recently spotted are an exception to the rules of standard astrophysics. We managed to notice it at the opposite end of our galaxy. By the way, its transverse size is equal to four billion St. years (the diameter of our galaxy, for comparison, is only 100 thousand light years). Scientists to this day cannot explain how such a massive structure consisting of 74 quasars could be formed.

No. 10. Boomerang Nebula - the coldest place in the Universe

The Boomerang Nebula is located in the constellation Centaurus at a distance of 5000 light years from Earth. The nebula's temperature is −272 °C, making it the coldest known place in the Universe.

The gas flow coming from the central star of the Boomerang Nebula moves at a speed of 164 km/s and is constantly expanding. Because of this rapid expansion, the temperature in the nebula is so low. The Boomerang Nebula is cooler than even the relic radiation from the Big Bang.

Keith Taylor and Mike Scarrott named the object the Boomerang Nebula in 1980 after observing it with the Anglo-Australian Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. The sensitivity of the instrument made it possible to detect only a small asymmetry in the lobes of the nebula, which gave rise to the assumption of a curved shape, like a boomerang.

The Boomerang Nebula was photographed in detail by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1998, after which it was realized that the nebula was shaped like a bow tie, but this name had already been taken.

R136a1 lies 165,000 light-years from Earth in the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This blue hypergiant is the most massive star known to science. The star is also one of the brightest, emitting up to 10 million times more light than the Sun.

The star's mass is 265 solar masses, and its formation mass was more than 320. R136a1 was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Sheffield led by Paul Crowther on June 21, 2010.

The question of the origin of such supermassive stars still remains unclear: whether they were formed with such a mass initially, or whether they formed from several smaller stars.

Pictured from left to right: red dwarf, Sun, blue giant, and R136a1:

By the way, a supermassive black hole can have a mass from a million to a billion solar masses. Black holes are the final stages in the evolution of massive stars. In fact, they are not stars, since they do not emit heat and light and thermonuclear reactions no longer take place in them.

No. 8. SDSS J0100+2802 - the brightest quasar with the oldest black hole

SDSS J0100+2802 is a quasar located 12.8 billion light years from the Sun. It is notable for the fact that the Black Hole feeding it has a mass of 12 billion solar masses, which is 3000 times larger than the black hole at the center of our galaxy.

The luminosity of the quasar SDSS J0100+2802 exceeds that of the sun by 42 trillion times. And the Black Hole is the oldest known. The object was formed 900 million years after the supposed Big Bang.

Quasar SDSS J0100+2802 was discovered by astronomers from the Chinese province of Yunnan using the 2.4 m Lijiang Telescope on December 29, 2013.

No. 7. WASP-33 b (HD 15082 b) - the hottest planet

Planet WASP-33 b is an exoplanet near the white main sequence star HD 15082 in the constellation Andromeda. The diameter is slightly larger than Jupiter. In 2011, the temperature of the planet was measured with extreme precision - about 3200 °C, which makes it the hottest known exoplanet.

No. 6. The Orion Nebula is the brightest nebula

The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M 42 or NGC 1976) is the brightest diffuse nebula. It is clearly visible in the night sky with the naked eye, and can be seen almost anywhere on Earth. The Orion Nebula is located about 1,344 light-years from Earth and is 33 light-years across.

This lonely planet was discovered by Philippe Delorme using the powerful ESO telescope. The main feature of the planet is that it is completely alone in space. It is more familiar to us that planets revolve around a star. But CFBDSIR2149 is not that kind of planet. It is alone, and the closest star is too far away to exert a gravitational influence on the planet.

Scientists have found similar lonely planets before, but the great distance prevented their study. Studying the lone planet will allow us to "learn more about how planets can be ejected from planetary systems."

No. 4. Cruithney - an asteroid with an orbit identical to Earth

Cruitney is a near-Earth asteroid moving in a 1:1 orbital resonance with the Earth, while crossing the orbits of three planets at once: Venus, Earth and Mars. It is also called a quasi-satellite of the Earth.

Cruithney was discovered on October 10, 1986 by British amateur astronomer Duncan Waldron using the Schmidt telescope. Cruithney's first temporary designation was 1986 TO. The asteroid's orbit was calculated in 1997.

Thanks to orbital resonance with the Earth, the asteroid flies through its orbit for almost one Earth year (364 days), that is, at any given time, the Earth and Cruithney are at the same distance from each other as they were a year ago.

There is no danger of this asteroid colliding with the Earth, at least for the next few million years.

No. 3. Gliese 436 b - a planet of hot ice

Gliese 436 b was discovered by American astronomers in 2004. The planet is comparable in size to Neptune; the mass of Gliese 436 b is equal to 22 Earth masses.

In May 2007, Belgian scientists led by Michael Gillon from the University of Liege established that the planet consists mainly of water. Water is in the solid state of ice under high pressure and at a temperature of about 300 degrees Celsius, which leads to the “hot ice” effect. Gravity creates enormous pressure on water, the molecules of which turn into ice. And even despite the ultra-high temperature, water is not able to evaporate from the surface. Therefore, Gliese 436 b is a very unique planet.

Comparison of Gliese 436 b (right) with Neptune:

No. 2. El Gordo - the largest cosmic structure in the early Universe

A galaxy cluster is a complex superstructure consisting of several galaxies. Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915, informally named El Gordo, was discovered in 2011 and is considered the largest cosmic structure in the early Universe. According to the latest calculations by scientists, this system is 3 quadrillion times more massive than the Sun. The El Gordo cluster is located 7 billion light years from Earth.

According to the results of a new study, El Gordo is the result of the merger of two clusters that collide at speeds of several million kilometers per hour.

No. 1. 55 Cancer E - diamond planet

Planet 55 Cancri e was discovered in 2004 in the planetary system of the sun-like star 55 Cancri A. The mass of the planet is almost 9 times greater than the mass of the Earth.

The temperature on the side facing the mother star is +2400°C, and is a giant ocean of lava; on the shadow side the temperature is +1100°C.

According to new research, 55 Cancer e contains a large proportion of carbon in its composition. It is believed that a third of the planet's mass is made up of thick layers of diamond. At the same time, there is almost no water in the planet. The planet is located 40 light years from Earth.

The sunrise on 55 Cancer e as imagined by the artist:

P.S.

The mass of the Earth is 5.97 × 10 to the 24th power kg
Giant planets of the solar system
Jupiter has a mass 318 times that of Earth
Saturn has a mass 95 times that of Earth
Uranium has a mass 14 times that of Earth
Neptune has a mass 17 times that of Earth

>Deep space objects

Explore objects of the universe with photos: stars, nebulae, exoplanets, star clusters, galaxies, pulsars, quasars, black holes, dark matter and energy.

For many centuries, millions of human eyes, when night falls, turn their gaze upward - towards the mysterious lights in the sky - stars of our Universe. Ancient people saw various figures of animals and people in clusters of stars, and for each of them they created their own story.

Exoplanets- These are planets located outside the solar system. Since the first discovery of an exoplanet in 1992, astronomers have discovered more than 1,000 such planets in planetary systems around the Milky Way galaxy. Researchers believe they will find many more exoplanets.

Word " nebula" comes from the Latin word for clouds. In fact, a nebula is a cosmic cloud of gas and dust floating in space. More than one nebula is called a nebula. Nebulae are the basic building blocks of the Universe.

Some stars are part of an entire group of stars. Most of them are binary systems, where two stars orbit around their common center of mass. Some are part of a triple star system. And some stars are simultaneously part of a larger group of stars, which is called “ star cluster».

Galaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity. They can vary greatly in size and shape. Most objects in space are parts of some galaxy. These are stars with planets and satellites, asteroids, black holes and neutron stars, nebulae.

Pulsars are considered one of the strangest objects in the entire Universe. In 1967, at the Cambridge Observatory, Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish studied the stars and found something completely extraordinary. It was a very star-like object that seemed to be emitting rapid pulses of radio waves. The existence of radio sources in space has been known for quite some time.

Quasars are the most distant and brightest objects in the known Universe. In the early 1960s, scientists identified quasars as radio stars because they could be detected using a strong source of radio waves. In fact, the term quasar comes from the words “quasi-stellar radio source.” Today many astronomers call them QSOs in their writings

Black holes, undoubtedly the strangest and most mysterious objects V space. Their bizarre properties can challenge the laws of physics of the Universe and even the nature of existing reality. To understand what black holes are, we must learn to think outside the box and use a little imagination.

Dark matter And dark energy- this is something that is not visible to the eye, but their presence has been proven through observations of Universe. Billions of years ago, our Universe was born after the catastrophic Big Bang. As the early Universe slowly cooled, life began to develop within it. As a result, stars, galaxies and other visible parts of it were formed.

Most of us are familiar with the stars, planets and satellites. But besides these well-known celestial bodies, there are many other amazing sights. There are colorful nebulae, wispy star clusters and massive galaxies. Add to this the mysterious pulsars and quasars, black holes that absorb all matter that passes too close. And now try to identify the invisible substance known as dark matter. Click on any image above to learn more about it, or use the menu above to navigate your way through celestial objects.

Watch the Universe video to better understand the nature of fast radio bursts and the characteristics of interstellar dust.

Fast radio bursts

Astrophysicist Sergei Popov about rotating radio transients, the SKA telescope system and microwaves at the observatory:

Interstellar dust

Astronomer Dmitry Vibe on interstellar reddening of light, modern models of cosmic dust and its sources:

Our Universe contains an amazing variety of cosmic objects called celestial bodies or astronomical objects. However, it's worth noting that most of visible deep space consists of empty space - a cold, dark void inhabited by a number of celestial bodies that range from the common to the strange. Known to astronomers as celestial objects, celestial bodies, astronomical objects and astronomical bodies, they are the material that fills the empty space of the Universe. In our list of deep space celestial bodies you can get acquainted with various objects (stars, exoplanets, nebulae, clusters, galaxies, pulsars, black holes, quasars), and also receive photos of these celestial bodies and the surrounding space, models and diagrams with detailed descriptions and characteristics of the parameters.

etc. Artificial space objects - spacecraft, the last stages of launch vehicles and their parts.

The UN Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects and on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space interpret the concept of a space object as any artificial object (including its components and delivery vehicles) launched into outer space. Thus, international space law uses the term “space object” only in relation to objects of artificial origin. To designate natural space objects in international space law, the name “celestial bodies” is used.

By analogy with UFOs, the use of the expression also came into practice unidentified space object.

Literature

• space object // Cosmonautics : encyclopedia; Editor-in-chief V. P. Glushko. - Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1985 - P. 189

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what a “Space object” is in other dictionaries:

space object- 3.2 space object; CO: A body of artificial origin located in near-Earth space. Source …

cataloged space object- 3.3 cataloged space object: A space object measuring more than 10 30 cm, included in the catalogs of accompanied objects of space control systems or other services and organizations. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

uncataloged space object- 3.4 uncataloged space object: A space object with a size, usually less than 10 30 cm, formed during or after the cessation of the operation of orbital facilities in near-Earth space and not included in catalogues... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Space flight is travel or transportation to or through space. There is no clear boundary between the Earth and space, and the International Aeronautical Federation has adopted a boundary height of 100 km from the Earth's surface. To... ... Wikipedia

object СС433- Studied in 1977 – 1978 a strange space object, simultaneously moving away and approaching the solar system, and at the same time remaining motionless relative to the earthly observer. E. Object CC433 D. Object CC433 … Explanatory ufological dictionary with equivalents in English and German

Wiktionary has an article “object” An object (from the Latin objectum object) is what this or that activity is aimed at (or what is created by this activity); in a broader sense, any subject at all. Object something ... Wikipedia

- (from Latin objectum object): Wiktionary has an article “object” ... Wikipedia

Hubble as seen from Space Shuttle Atlantis STS 125 Organization: NASA/ESA Wavelength: visible, ultraviolet, infrared NSSDC ID ... Wikipedia

Hubble Space Telescope View of Hubble from Space Shuttle Atlantis STS 125 Organization: NASA/ESA Wavelength: visible, ultraviolet, infrared NSSDC ID ... Wikipedia

Books

• Space monitoring of solid household waste and industrial waste disposal sites, Maretta Levonovna Kazaryan, Mikhail Andranikovich Shakhramanyan, Andrey Aleksandrovich Richter. The object of study of the monograph is waste disposal facilities (WDF), or, more simply, garbage dumps. The subject of study by which this object is being studied is methods of space...
• Space monitoring of solid domestic waste and industrial waste disposal sites MSW and software Theoretical, methodological and socio-economic aspects Monograph, M. Kazaryan, A. Richter, M. Shakhramanyan, R. Nedkov. The object of the monograph’s research is waste disposal facilities (WDF), or, more simply put, garbage dumps. The subject of study by which this object is being studied is methods of space...