Presentation on the topic of Tolstoy's romances. Presentation on the topic "A.K.

Slide 2

Born on August 24 (September 5), 1817 in St. Petersburg. Mother Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya, pupil of Count A.K. Razumovsky, married in 1816 the elderly widower Count Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy. The marriage was unhappy; An open break occurred between the spouses shortly after the birth of their son. Tolstoy spent his childhood in the south of Russia on the estates of his uncle A.A. Perovsky Pogoreltsy and Krasny Rog (Chernigov province). His uncle is a prose writer of the 20-30s, published under the pseudonym “Antony Pogorelsky”.

Slide 3

1825 – move to St. Petersburg. Through Perovsky's friend Zhukovsky, the boy was introduced to the heir to the throne, later Emperor Alexander II, and was among the children who came to the Tsarevich on Sundays to play. The relationship thus established continued throughout Tolstoy's life; Alexander II's wife, Empress Maria Alexandrovna, also appreciated Tolstoy's personality and talent.

Slide 4

1826 - Tolstoy goes to Germany with his mother and uncle; What was particularly vivid in his memory was his visit to Goethe in Weimar and the fact that he sat on the great old man’s lap. Italy, with its works of art, makes an extraordinary impression on him. Having received a good home training In the mid-30s, Tolstoy became one of the so-called “archive youths” attached to the Moscow Main Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1836 - as a “student of the archive,” Tolstoy passes an exam at Moscow University “in the sciences that made up the course of the former Faculty of Literature,” and is assigned to the Russian mission to the German Diet in Frankfurt on the Main. In the same year, Perovsky died, leaving Tolstoy his entire large fortune. Later (since 1843) Tolstoy served in the II department of His Imperial Majesty’s own chancellery, had a court rank and, while continuing to frequently travel abroad, led a social life.

Slide 5

1841 – first publication – the fantastic story “The Ghoul” (under the pseudonym Krasnorogsky). 1851 - Tolstoy meets S.A. Miller, his future wife, at a masquerade. In the 1840s, he began working on the historical novel “Prince Silver,” completed in 1861. During the same period, he wrote a number of ballads and lyrical poems, which became widely known and were subsequently set to music by Russian composers (“My Bells,” “You Know the Land, where everything breathes abundantly", "Mound", "Among the noisy ball...", etc.).

Slide 6

In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance, In the anxiety of worldly bustle, I saw You, but Your mystery covered your features. Only the eyes looked sadly, And the voice sounded so wondrous, Like the ringing of a distant pipe, Like a playing wave of the sea. I liked your thin figure and your whole thoughtful appearance, and your laughter, both sad and ringing, has been ringing in my heart ever since. In the lonely hours of the night I love to lie down, tired - I see sad eyes, I hear cheerful speech; And sadly I fall asleep. And I sleep in unknown dreams... Do I love you - I don’t know, But it seems to me that I do! 1851

Slide 7

Since 1854, Tolstoy has published poems and literary parodies in Sovremennik on behalf of the fictional Kozma Prutkov (in collaboration with A. M. and V. M. Zhemchuzhnikov). At the end of the 50s. he collaborates in the Slavophile “Russian Conversation”, then in the “Russian Messenger” and “Bulletin of Europe”.

Slide 8

The writer Kozma Prutkov was invented by a group of like-minded people. This phenomenon is unique in our literature. Neither before nor after him was there a case where a literary pseudonym acquired such independence, when writers known as writers under their own names could publish under the name of a fictitious person. This is a special “collected works”, also equipped with a portrait and a detailed biography.

Slide 9

Kozma Petrovich Prutkov spent his entire life, except for the years of childhood and early adolescence, in public service: first for the military department, and then for the civilian department. He was born on April 11, 1803 in the village of Tenteleva, Salvychegotsky district, which was part of the Vologda province at that time.

Slide 10

K. Prutkov came from an obscure, but very remarkable noble family. What’s remarkable is that almost all of him was engaged in literature. K.P. Prutkov proved this by publishing, in the years of his creative maturity, excerpts from the notes of his grandfather, retired prime minister and cavalier Fyodor Kuzmich Prutkov, as well as some of the writings of his father Pyotr Fedotich Prutkov. At that time, Kozma Prutkov’s parent was considered a rich man among his neighbors. Little Kuzka received an excellent education at home. The literary forces that developed in him early encouraged him to study and saved him from the destructive hobbies of his youth. In 1820 he entered military service, only for uniform, and remained in this service for only a little over two years, in the hussars.

Slide 11

In the twenty-fifth year of his life, while still in minor ranks, K.P. Prutkov fell in love. Her name was Antonida Platonovna Proklevetantova. K.P. Prutkov, having entered the Assay Office in 1823, remained there until his death, i.e. until January 13, 1863. As you know, his superiors distinguished and rewarded him. Here, in this Tent, he was honored to receive all civil ranks, up to and including full state councilor, and in 1841 he received the vacancy of the head of the Assay Tent, and then the Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree, who always seduced him, as can be seen from the fable “The Star and the Belly.” But neither the service nor the drafting of projects, which opened up a wide path for him to honors and promotions, did not diminish his passion for poetry. And no matter how great his career successes and merits were, they alone would not have given him even a hundredth part of the glory that he acquired through his literary activities.

Slide 12

Aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov

No one can grasp the immensity. Look to the root! If you have a fountain, shut it up: let the fountain rest too. A specialist is like flux: his completeness is one-sided. Death is placed at the end of life for this reason, so that it is more convenient to prepare for it.

Slide 13

1855 - during the Crimean War, Tolstoy tries to organize a special voluntary militia, but he fails, and he becomes one of the hunters of the so-called “Rifle Regiment of the Imperial Family.” He never had to take part in hostilities, but he almost died from severe typhus, which carried away a significant part of the regiment near Odessa. 1856 - during the coronation, Alexander II appoints Tolstoy as adjutant, and then, when Tolstoy did not want to stay in military service, Jägermeister. Tolstoy remained in this rank, without performing any service, until his death.

Slide 14

If you love, it’s crazy, If you threaten, it’s not a joke, If you scold, it’s rash, If you chop, it’s reckless! If you argue, it’s too bold, If you punish, then it’s a good thing, If you forgive, then with all your soul, If you feast, then it’s a feast! 1855

Slide 15

1861 - due to his failing health, Tolstoy moves away from the court. Now he lives mostly abroad, in the summer at various resorts, in the winter in Italy and Southern France, but he also spends a long time on his Russian estates - Pustynka (near St. Petersburg) and Krasny Rog (now Bryansk region). From that time on, Tolstoy devoted more time to literary pursuits. 1861 – publication of the dramatic poem Don Juan. 1863 - the historical novel "Prince Silver" is published, later - the historical trilogy - the tragedies "The Death of Ivan the Terrible" (1866), "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" (1868), "Tsar Boris" (1870). 1867 - the first collection of Tolstoy's poems is published.

Slide 16

Tolstoy writes not only in Russian. He speaks excellent German and French languages. He wrote the prose work “The Family of the Ghoul” and several poems in French, and poetic works and aphorisms in German. In addition, Tolstoy translates Byron, Chenier, Goethe, Heine, Scottish poets into Russian, and Russian writers into German. In the last decade of his life he wrote ballads ("Roman Galitsky", 1870, "Ilya Muromets", 1871, etc.), poetic satires ("History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev", 1868, published 1883; "Popov's Dream", 1873 , published 1882), poems (“Portrait”, 1874, “Dragon”, 1875), lyric poems. On September 28 (October 10), 1875, Tolstoy died on his estate, Krasny Rog.

Slide 17

You are my land, my dear land! Horse racing in the wild! The cry of flocks of eagles in the sky! A wolf's voice in the field! Go you, my homeland! Goy, dense forest! The whistle of the midnight nightingale! Wind, steppe and clouds! 1856

View all slides

“The heart is full of inspiration...”: an essay on the life and work of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817 - 1875) Not a fighter of two camps, But only a random guest...

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (born August 24 (September 5), 1817 St. Petersburg - died September 28 (October 10), 1875 Krasny Rog (now Pochepsky district of the Bryansk region)) - count, Russian poet, playwright, prose writer, member - correspondent of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Father - Count Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy, brother of the artist Fyodor Tolstoy (Leo Tolstoy on this line was Alexei Konstantinovich's second cousin). Mother - Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya - came from the Razumovsky family (the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky was her grandfather). Estate Krasny Rog

After the birth of their son, the couple separated, his mother took him to Little Russia, to her brother A. A. Perovsky, known in literature under the name of Anthony Pogorelsky. He took up the education of the future poet, encouraging his artistic inclinations in every possible way, and especially for him composed the famous fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” (1829). Anthony Pogorelsky

He began “scribbling paper and writing poetry” at the age of 6 1834 – a student at the Moscow archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1835 – exam for rank at Moscow University 1837 – appointed to the Russian mission at the German Diet in Frankfurt am Main 1840 – 2nd department of his own . And. V. office Clerk of the committee on schismatics 1843 – chamber cadet 1851 – master of ceremonies of the court

By 1826, his mother and uncle moved the boy to St. Petersburg, where he was chosen as one of the playmates of the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander II (later the warmest relations remained between them). From 1826, Perovsky regularly took his nephew abroad to see the sights there, and once introduced him to I.V. Goethe himself. Until his death in 1836, Perovsky remained the main adviser in the literary experiments of the young Tolstoy, submitting them to V.A. Zhukovsky and A.S. Pushkin, with whom he was on friendly terms, and there is evidence that these experiments earned their approval.

In the 1840s, Alexei Tolstoy led the life of a brilliant socialite, allowing himself risky jokes and pranks, which he got away with thanks to the patronage of the Tsarevich. In the winter of 1850-1851, at a ball, he met Sofya Andreevna Miller, the wife of a Horse Guards colonel. She was an extraordinary woman, and her fate also turned out unusual. Contemporaries were amazed by her education. She knew a lot foreign languages: according to some sources fourteen, according to others – sixteen. I read avidly, absorbed the latest in European literature and closely followed Russian literature.

A whirlwind romance began, marked by her imminent departure from her husband. The husband did not give a divorce for a long time, so Tolstoy’s marriage to Sofia Andreevna was concluded only in 1863. Almost all of his love lyrics were addressed specifically to her (including the poem “In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance ...” dedicated to their first meeting).

During Crimean War He joined the army as a major, but did not fight, having fallen ill with typhus near Odessa. On the day of his coronation, Alexander II appointed him aide-de-camp. In the second half of the 50s he became a huntsman, the head of the rangers of the royal hunt. 1861 - achieved resignation “Service, whatever it may be, is deeply disgusting to my nature. Service and art are incompatible"

He used his closeness to the tsar to “speak the truth at all costs” (he worked for Shevchenko’s return from exile, stood up for Aksakov, Turgenev, in 1864-65 he told the tsar that “Russian literature has put on mourning for unjust condemnation of Chernyshevsky" He lived on the estates of Pustynka near St. Petersburg and Krasny Rog in the Chernigov province. He treated the peasants humanely, did not take care of the farm at all, and gradually went bankrupt.

Creativity is multi-genre. 1841 – story “Ghoul” “Family of the Ghoul”, “Meeting after 300 years” 1846 – story “Amena” 2 hunting essays, story “Artemy Semenovich Bervenkovsky”

Tolstoy's highest achievement in prose was the novel from the oprichnina era of Ivan the Terrible, Prince Silver (1862). Work on it began, presumably, already in the 1840s. This is a historical novel.

He did not glorify the Moscow boyars - opponents of the autocracy, declaring that only a few boyars retained best qualities ancestors The people are depicted with great sympathy. Robbers have a sense of duty, justice and conscientiousness, especially in comparison with the guardsmen. Uses folklore and elements of the miraculous. This is a novel with a predominance of fictional collisions, romanticized heroes, speculation, and deliberate anachronisms to compact the action.

The highest spiritual principle is not only beauty, but also love, which is partially, “fragmented”, present in ordinary life(“A tear trembles in your jealous gaze”). Tolstoy's lyrics are permeated with longing, longing for the beautiful and infinite, which is diffused throughout nature: And there is nothing in nature that does not breathe love...

Love lyrics are balanced in tone, but almost always permeated with sadness: love is inseparable from the conditions of existence of those who love, from temporary states of mind. “The ebb and flow of love” is one of the appearances of a greater or lesser fullness and richness of life. The poet’s internal state, his struggle with adversity and fate are often correlated with the state of renewing nature. The minor tone is replaced by a lighter and more cheerful one.

In the field of parody, Tolstoy in the early 1850s, together with his cousins ​​Alexei, Alexander and Vladimir Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov, created the literary mask of Kozma Prutkov (Tolstoy owns about 10 Prutkov poems and, apparently, many aphorisms).

No one will embrace the immensity. Look at the root! It’s better to say little, but well. What will others say about you if you can’t say anything about yourself? If you want to be beautiful, join the hussars. Do not take anything to the extreme: a person who wants to eat too late runs the risk of eating the next day in the morning. Three things, once started, are difficult to finish: a) eat good food; b) talk with a friend who has returned from a hike and c) scratch where it itches. APHORISMS OF KOZMA PRUTKOV

If you are asked: what is healthier, the sun or the month? – answer: month. For the sun shines during the day, when it is already light; and the month is at night. Do not be timid in front of the enemy: a person’s fiercest enemy is himself. A chatterbox is like a pendulum: both need to be stopped. Where is the beginning of the end with which the beginning ends? Shut up the fountain: it should rest too. APHORISMS OF KOZMA PRUTKOV

He received wide, including European, recognition thanks to the dramatic trilogy “The Death of Ivan the Terrible” (1866), “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich” (1868) and “Tsar Boris” (1870). . However, this trilogy is not a historical chronicle, not sketches of the life and customs of old times: Tolstoy managed to resurrect the genre of tragedy (it was pointed out that his trilogy is more connected with Shakespeare’s tragedies than with his own chronicles, where historical questions were posed). Its main theme is the tragedy of power, and not only the power of autocratic kings, but more broadly - the power of man over reality, over his own fate.

Tolstoy's last works about the past are dedicated to the pre-Mongol period and are designed mainly in a cheerful, major tone “The Serpent Tugarin” “Song of Herald and Yaroslavna” “Gakon the Blind” “Borivoy” “Three Massacres” “Eve” “Roman Galitsky”

Didn't care about historical accuracy. He resorted to free speculation and presented the psychology of the heroes in abstract, universal human terms. These are not so much pictures of history as colorful poetic legends. Along with real-life persons, heroes of legends and folk epics themselves appear in epics and ballads: Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Potok, Sadko, Churila, etc.

1870-71 – drama “Posadnik” Dramatic poem “Don Juan” Poem “The Sinner” Poem “The Alchemist” Poem “John of Damascus” Poem “Portrait”

Tolstoy's last work was the drama from the ancient Novgorod history "Posadnik". Work on it began immediately after the end of the trilogy, but he did not have time to complete it. Alexei Tolstoy died on September 28 (October 10), 1875 at his estate Krasny Rog, Chernigov province.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15