Years of life of Mikhail Lazarev. Life story
Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich (1788-1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843).
Born on November 14, 1788 in Vladimir into a noble family. Since childhood, he dreamed of becoming a sailor, so his father assigned him to the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg.
In 1803, 30 of the best graduates - midshipmen - were sent on overseas voyages; Lazarev was among them.
In 1808-1813. he served in the Baltic Fleet and took part in the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809. and the Patriotic War of 1812
In 1813, Lazarev, who by this time was only 25 years old, was appointed commander of the ship "Suvorov" and set out from Kronstadt on a circumnavigation of the world to the coast of Alaska. Soon after his return, he was appointed commander of the Mirny sloop and assistant to the head of the round-the-world expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen. The ships "Mirny" and "Vostok" set off for the Southern Ocean. The sailors were to explore the island of South Georgia, turn towards Sandwich Land and descend to the south. The voyage took place in difficult polar conditions, the ships were on the voyage for 751 days, of which 527 days were under sail, and covered over 50 thousand miles. On January 16, 1820, having discovered many islands along the way, the sloops Mirny and Vostok approached Antarctica. Russian sailors discovered a new part of the world and thus refuted the opinion of the English traveler J. Cook, who argued that there was no continent in the southern latitudes.
Russia was assigned priority in the discovery of a number of Antarctic lands.
In 1822, Lazarev, commanding the frigate "Cruiser", made his third circumnavigation of the world. His favorite student, P.S. Nakhimov, was his watch officer.
On October 20, 1827, Lazarev took part in the Battle of Navarino (in which the ships of the Russian-Anglo-French fleet defeated the Turkish-Egyptian fleet in Navarino Bay, off the coast of Southern Greece). The battleship "Azov", commanded by Lazarev, was awarded the highest award - the stern St. George's flag, and the commander was promoted to rear admiral and awarded the order.
In 1833, Lazarev was appointed chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the Black Sea ports, as well as the military governor of Sevastopol and Nikolaev.
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev
Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev was born on November 3 (14), 1788 into the noble family of a senator, a representative of a side branch of the Armenian aristocratic family of Abamelek-Lazarevs, the ruler of the Vladimir governorship. Shortly before his death, in 1800, the senator assigned three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps.
st. Manezhny deadlock, 2a 
st. Manezhny deadlock, 2v
On the site of house No. 2a on a high earthen rampart (now Manezhny dead end) there was a wooden house where the family of the civil governor Lazarev lived.
In the place where Gagarin Street intersects with the Manezhny dead end, the house of the civil governor was located, where the future admiral Mikhail Lazarev was born in 1788.
In 1793, the Lazarev family moved to Georgievskaya Street (nowadays, and the dilapidated house on Tsaritsynskaya was demolished in 1794.
City of Vladimir, Georgievskaya, no. 3. The future admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev lived in this house until 1797. 
But the memorial plaque is installed on house No. 26 on B. Moskovskaya Street.
In 1803, he passed the exam for the title of midshipman, becoming the third best performer out of 32 students. In December 1805 he was promoted to the first officer rank - midshipman.
Among the 30 best graduates of the corps, he was sent to England, where he served as a volunteer in the navy until 1808 to familiarize himself with the organization of naval affairs in foreign ports. For five years he was on a continuous voyage in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1808-1813. served in the Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809. and the Patriotic War of 1812
Trip around the world
In 1813, Lieutenant Lazarev received a new assignment - to command the Suvorov sloop, setting off on a circumnavigation of the world.
The ship "Suvorov", to which Lazarev was assigned, belonged to the Russian-American company, created by Russian industrialists at the end of the 18th century. The company's goal was to improve the use of the natural resources of Russian America. The company was extremely interested in regular sea communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America and spared no expense in equipping round-the-world expeditions.
At the beginning of October 1813, preparations for the trip were completed, and at dawn on October 9, the Suvorov departed from the Kronstadt roadstead.
Swimming M.P. Lazarev on the sloop "Suvorov" in 1813-1815.
At the beginning of the journey they were met by strong winds and thick fogs, from which the Suvorov had to take refuge in the Swedish harbor of Karlskrona. Having passed the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak straits (between Denmark and the Scandinavian Peninsula) and safely avoided the attack of the French and allied Danish warships, Lazarev safely brought the Suvorov to the English Channel.
In Portsmouth the ship made a stop that lasted for three whole months. On February 27, 1814, the Suvorov departed from the Portsmouth roadstead and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira, a Portuguese colony off the coast of Africa. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. On May 24, the Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean, heading east. Then he went around Africa from the south and, following through the Indian Ocean, around Australia from the south.
On August 14, 1814, the Suvorov entered Port Jackson Bay and headed for Sydney. When approaching the harbor, the Suvorov was greeted by the thunder of an artillery salute. This is how the governor of the colony of New South Wales, which at that time belonged to the British, greeted the Russian sailors on the occasion of the final victory over Napoleon.
Moving away from Australia, the Suvorov sailed east across the Pacific Ocean, again approaching the equator. On September 28, the outlines of land appeared ahead. However, on the map available to Lazarev, there were no signs of land, and only when approaching a closer distance and examining these places, Lazarev realized that in front of him was a group of coral islands rising above the surface of the ocean and connected by coral bridges. These islands were covered with bushes and trees. Lazarev gave the newly discovered islands the name Suvorov (Suvorov Atoll).
Having completed the survey of the islands, "Suvorov" again continued its journey with a deviation to the north. On October 10, the equator was crossed.
In November, Lazarev's ship approached the center of Russian America - the port and settlement of Novo-Arkhangelsk. Here Lazarev was met by the manager of the Russian-American company A.A. Baranov, who expressed gratitude to him for the safety of the cargo entrusted to him.
For the winter, "Suvorov" remained in Novo-Arkhangelsk. After the end of the winter, the Suvorov was loaded with food and goods, and by order of A.A. Baranova Lazarev headed for one of the islands of the Aleutian group (Unalaska) and the Pribilof Islands located next to it. Having unloaded the cargo entrusted to him, he took on board furs prepared by local industrialists. Lazarev's ship was on the road for just over a month. The cargo taken on board in Unalaska was to be delivered to Kronstadt, having previously returned to Novo-Arkhangelsk.
At the end of July, Suvorov left Novo-Arkhangelsk. Now his path to Kronstadt lay along the coasts of North and South America, bypassing Cape Horn. Lazarev still had to make a stop in the Peruvian port of Callao to resolve a number of issues related to the affairs of the Russian-American company.
After calling at the port of San Francisco, the Suvorov moved to the shores of Peru. During the three-month stay in the port of Callao, Lazarev and his officers became acquainted with the life of the city and port.
Having passed through the Drake Passage in stormy weather and past the dangerous Cape Horn, Lazarev ordered to turn northeast into the Atlantic Ocean. He did not stop in Rio de Janeiro, but made only a short stop at the island of Fernando de Noronha. Here the damage caused by the storm was repaired on the Suvorov, and the ship headed for the shores of England. On June 8 he was already in Portsmouth, and five weeks later he returned to Kronstadt.
Journey to the South Pole
In March 1819, Lazarev was assigned to command the Mirny sloop, which was to sail to the South Pole as part of an Antarctic expedition. Lazarev took over direct supervision of all preparatory work.
On June 4, Captain 2nd Rank F.F. Bellingshausen arrived and was entrusted with both the command of the sloop “Vostok” and the leadership of the entire expedition. A month after his arrival, Vostok and Mirny left the Kronstadt roadstead and moved towards the South Pole.
"Mirny", built according to the design of Russian engineers and, moreover, sufficiently fortified by Lazarev, showed its brilliant qualities. However, the Vostok, built by British engineers, was still qualitatively inferior to the Mirny, despite all Lazarev’s efforts to make it just as durable.
For participation in the Antarctic expedition, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, bypassing the rank of captain-lieutenant.
Command of the frigate "Cruiser"
While Lazarev was on a polar expedition, the situation in the region of Russian America worsened. The actions of English and American smugglers were becoming increasingly widespread. Novo-Arkhangelsk was covered by the Apollo ship, the only military ship of the Russian-American Company, but it could not ensure the security of all Russian territorial waters in this area. Therefore, it was decided to send the 36-gun frigate “Cruiser” and the sloop “Ladoga” to the shores of Russian America. Command of the frigate was entrusted to Lazarev, and command of the Ladoga to his younger brother Andrei.
On August 17, 1822, the ships under the command of Lazarev left the Kronstadt roadstead. The expedition began in severe storms, forcing Lazarev to make a stop in Portsmouth. Only in November did they manage to leave the harbor and head for the Canary Islands, and from there to the shores of Brazil. The voyage to Rio de Janeiro took place in extremely favorable conditions, but after sailing from the capital of Brazil, the elements raged again. A hurricane arose in the sea, and storms began, accompanied by snow. Only in mid-May did the Cruiser manage to approach Tasmania. Then Lazarev's frigate headed for Tahiti.
In Tahiti, the "Cruiser" met with the "Ladoga", with which it separated during storms and now, in accordance with the instructions received earlier, each ship with the cargo entrusted to it sailed on its own course. "Ladoga" - to the Kamchatka Peninsula, "Cruiser" went to the shores of Russian America.
The Cruiser spent about a year off the coast of northwestern America, protecting Russian territorial waters from smugglers. In the summer of 1824, the “Cruiser” was replaced by the sloop “Enterprise”, which arrived in Novo-Arkhangelsk under the command of Lieutenant-Commander O.E. Kotzebue. On October 16, the “Cruiser” left Novo-Arkhangelsk.
As soon as the “Cruiser” entered the open sea, the hurricane broke out again. However, Lazarev’s ship did not take refuge in San Francisco harbor, but withstood the storm on the open sea. On August 5, 1825, the “Cruiser” approached the Kronstadt roadstead.
For exemplary performance of the task, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 1st rank. But the captain of the “Cruiser” insisted that not only he and his officers receive awards, but also all the sailors of his ship, participants in the most difficult voyage.
Service in the Black Sea Fleet
February 27, 1826 M.P. Lazarev was appointed commander of the 12th naval crew and the 74-gun ship Azov, which was being built in Arkhangelsk. After the completion of construction, August 5 - September 19, 1826, M. P. Lazarev led the transition of a detachment of ships, consisting of the Azov, Ezekiel and the military transport Smirny, from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt.
June 10 - October 6, 1827, commanding the ship "Azov", made the transition from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea. Here, on October 8, 1827, being the commander of “Azov”, M.P. Lazarev took part in the Battle of Navarino. Fighting with five Turkish ships, he destroyed them: he sank two large frigates and one corvette, burned the flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced an 80-gun battleship to run aground, after which he lit and blew it up. In addition, the Azov, under the command of Lazarev, destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey.
For his participation in the Battle of Navarino, Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once (Greek - "Commander's Cross of the Savior", English - Baths and French - St. Louis, and his ship "Azov" received the St. George flag.
In 1828-1829 led the blockade of the Dardanelles; in 1830 he returned to Kronstadt and commanded a detachment of ships of the Baltic Fleet.
In 1832, Lazarev became chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. In February - June 1833, commanding a squadron, he led an expedition of the Russian fleet to the Bosphorus Strait, as a result of which the Unkyar-Iskelesi Treaty of 1833 was concluded. From 1833, he was the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the Black Sea ports, and in the summer of 1834. - Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and commander of the ports of Sevastopol and Nikolaev. That same year he was promoted to vice admiral.
Commanding the Black Sea Fleet, Lazarev became its true transformer. He introduced a completely new system of training sailors directly at sea in an environment as close as possible to combat.
The warships of the Black Sea Fleet were fully equipped and equipped with higher quality artillery. Under Lazarev, the Black Sea Fleet received more than 40 sailing ships. Lazarev also ordered 6 steam-frigates and 28 steamships for his fleet. The first iron steamship was built on the Black Sea and training began for service on steam ships.
However, Lazarev did not limit himself only to the technical re-equipment of the Black Sea Fleet. In Sevastopol, the Maritime Library was reorganized, a Meeting House was built, and a school for sailor children was opened. Under Lazarev, admiralty buildings were built in Nikolaev, Odessa, Novorossiysk, and construction of the admiralty began in Sevastopol.
Using his experience gained on long voyages, Lazarev established the work of a hydrographic depot, which begins to publish maps and atlases of the Black Sea. Lazarev’s services to Russian science were also appreciated by the Russian Geographical Society, electing him as an honorary member. He was also elected an honorary member of the Marine Scientific Committee, Kazan University and other scientific institutions.
Lazarev’s special merit is in training people who glorified the Russian fleet and Russia during the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856. Admiral Lazarev was influential as a technical specialist and mentor to young officers. He advocated equipping the Russian fleet with steam-powered ships, but the technical and economic backwardness of Russia at that time was the main obstacle to this path. He also acted as a mentor to such famous Russian naval commanders as Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin and Butakov.
Shortly before his death, on his last visit to St. Petersburg, the admiral was at a reception with Nicholas I. After the warm welcome, wanting to show the admiral his attention and respect, the sovereign said: “Old man, stay with me for dinner.” “I can’t, sir,” answered Mikhail Petrovich, “I gave my word to dine with Admiral G.” Having said this, Lazarev took out his chronometer, looked at it and, standing up impulsively, said: “I’m late, sir!” Then he kissed the puzzled emperor and quickly left the office...
In Vienna, Admiral Lazarev's illness worsened sharply. There was no hope left to save his life. Those around the admiral begged him to write a letter to the sovereign and entrust his family to him. “I have never asked anyone for anything in my life,” answered the dying Lazarev, “and now I will not ask before my death.”
He died on April 23 (11 according to the old style) April 1851. He was buried in the crypt of the Vladimir Cathedral in Sevastopol (at that moment the construction of which had just begun). His students and followers, admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, are also buried there.
Mikhail Petrovich had a son - Peter.
Perpetuating the memory of M.P. Lazareva
In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol.
Monument to Mikhail Lazarev in Sevastopol
On September 12, 1996, a monument to one of the founders of the city, Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, was unveiled in Novorossiysk.
Monument to Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev in Novorossiysk
A monument to the founders of the city, M.P., was erected in Novorossiysk. Lazarev, N.N. Raevsky and L.M. Serebryakov.
- At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.
Bust of Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev in Lazarevskoe
In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities in Russian history (as of 1862), there is the figure of M.P. Lazarev.
M.P. Lazarev at the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia” in Veliky Novgorod
In St. Petersburg, at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871, the first Russian battleship Admiral Lazarev was launched. In addition, the name “Admiral Lazarev” was assigned at different times to three more large ships of the Russian Navy: the light cruiser of the modified project “Svetlana”, later “Red Caucasus”; light cruiser project 68 bis; heavy nuclear missile cruiser of Project 1144, originally named Frunze.
Coastal defense battleship "Admiral Lazarev" on the Great Kronstadt roadstead, late 1890s.
In 1994, the Bank of Russia issued a series of commemorative coins “The First Russian Antarctic Expedition”.
Coin of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
In 2004, a memorial plaque by the sculptor Chernoglazov was installed in Vladimir.
Memorial plaque in Vladimir on house number 26 on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street
In 2008, Aeroflot airline named one of its Airbus A320 aircraft “M” in honor of Mikhail Lazarev. Lazarev."
House of the ruler of the Vladimir governorship (house of Admiral Lazarev)
In Vladimir there is a known place where once stood the house in which the outstanding Russian naval commander, one of the discoverers of Antarctica, Admiral M.P. was born. Lazarev.
This is the house of the ruler of the Vladimir vicegerency. Once upon a time it stood on Tsaritsynskaya Street (now Manezhny Dead End), between houses 1-3. Here in 1788 his son Mikhail, the future famous Russian naval commander, was born. On the city plan of 1778, stored in the archives of the Vladimir region, the governor’s house under construction is indicated here, not far from the Lybid River. The house was wooden, with a plank roof, with an L-shaped extension along the Proezzhy ravine (now Erofeevsky Descent). After a fire in 1789, the house became very dilapidated, and the governor and his family moved to another house in 1790, more suitable for living.
LAZAREV, MIKHAIL PETROVICH(1788–1851) - Russian admiral, traveler, participant in three circumnavigations, governor of Sevastopol and Nikolaev.
Born on November 3, 1788 in Vladimir in the family of the governor, senator, and privy councilor P.G. Lazarev. Having been orphaned early, in 1800 he was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps, which he graduated with a flattering assessment: “Noble behavior, knowledgeable in his position; sends it with tireless diligence and efficiency.” After the 1803 exams, he served on a cruiser with the rank of midshipman; I rode it around the Baltic. Having gone to England as a volunteer, he studied maritime affairs there for five years - he sailed in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the North and Mediterranean Seas. There he was engaged in self-education, studying history and ethnography.
In 1808 he was promoted to midshipman and sent to the Russian-Swedish war. There, for his courage, he was promoted to naval lieutenant in 1811. In 1812 he served on the brig Phoenix. For valor in the Patriotic War he received a silver medal.
In 1813, on the ship “Suvorov” he made the first circumnavigation of the world: he delivered cargo to the Far East, simultaneously discovering uninhabited islands in the Pacific Ocean (and giving them the name Suvorov). Having purchased a shipment of quinine from Peru and taking on board animals outlandish for Russia, he returned to Kronstadt in 1816. During this voyage, Lazarev clarified the coordinates and made sketches of sections of the coasts of Australia, Brazil, and North America.
In 1819, Lazarev, together with F.F. Bellingshausen, was assigned “to search for the sixth continent.” Appointed commander of the sloop Mirny, in the next three years he completed his second circumnavigation of the world, during which on January 16, 1820, he (together with Bellingshausen) discovered a sixth of the world - Antarctica - and a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean. For this expedition, M.P. Lazarev was immediately promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, granted a pension with the rank of lieutenant and appointed commander of the frigate "Cruiser".
On the “Cruiser” M.P. Lazarev made his third trip around the world in 1822–1825 - to the shores of Russian possessions in North America. During it, extensive scientific research was carried out in meteorology and ethnography. Lazarev's successes in military affairs and research work were awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree, and the rank of captain, 1st rank.
In 1826, as commander of the ship "Azov", the naval commander made the transition to the Mediterranean Sea, where he participated in the 1827 Navarin naval battle. In that battle, Azov led the Russian battleships, which took the main blow of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, which was completely defeated by the joint efforts of the Russian, French and English squadrons. For this victory, the sailor received the rank of rear admiral, and the Azov team, led by him, was awarded the St. George flag for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet.
In 1828–1829, Lazarev, as chief of staff of the Russian squadron in the Mediterranean, took part in the blockade of the Dardanelles.
In 1832 he was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet and ports. In April 1833 he was promoted to vice admiral, received the rank of adjutant general and appointment as military governor of Sevastopol and Nikolaev. Under his leadership, the construction of new and reconstruction of old port cities began (reconstruction in the center of Sevastopol of the “Ridge of Lawlessness” - mud hut houses of the urban poor randomly built on the central city hill, the foundation of the Count's pier, the Historical Boulevard). On the initiative of the governor, a Maritime Library was created in Sevastopol; he personally supervised the acquisition of its collections.
During the 18 years of his governorship on the Black Sea, with his participation, more than 30 battleships and steamships were built, and over 150 large and small military vessels were put into operation.
Having taken the initiative of constant military observations, security, reconnaissance, and individual combat operations with the help of ships of the Black Sea Fleet cruising along the Caucasian coast, Lazarev volunteered to personally lead the squadron with the landing forces of General N.N. Raevsky. Having landed on the coast of the Caucasus in 1838, the landing force occupied several coastal points and erected fortifications near the Tuapse, Psezuap, Subashi, and Shapsukho rivers. Fortification at the river Psezuape was called Lazarev's fort. Thus, in 1838–1840, the Caucasian coast was strengthened, conditions were created for the uninterrupted cruising of fleet ships and the protection of the southern borders of Russia.
A tireless worker, persistent in achieving his goal, selflessly devoted to maritime affairs, Lazarev cultivated the same qualities in his subordinates. He paid special attention to the development of a healthy spirit of competition among personnel in work, exercises and especially in the management of ships. Believing that the best school for educating young officers is command, Lazarev spared no expense to increase the number of small ships. They were widely used by him for cruising and blockade service off the Caucasian coast. In the harsh environment of this service, a whole galaxy of students grew up, brilliant officers and admirals, brought up in the glorious traditions of Russian naval affairs, laid down in the 18th century. F.F.Ushakov - P.S.Nakhimov, V.A.Kornilov, V.I.Istomin, G.I.Butakov. During the years of naval and civil service, Lazarev was repeatedly awarded orders of the Russian Empire, and had the highest degree of distinction - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, as well as orders of other states.
Closely monitoring the development of the fleets of the main maritime powers, especially England, the admiral took care of increasing the tonnage and artillery armament of battleships, insisted on rearmament of the fleet, anticipating the inevitable transition to a steam engine. Lazarev personally took Nicholas I with the project for the construction of a new admiralty in Nikolaev with five dry docks, and was in personal correspondence with the emperor. “Despite your fatigue, you continue to work tirelessly on business...” Nicholas I wrote to him in a letter accompanying the royal gift of 2,000 silver rubles. – You do not spare yourself. No matter how you aggravate your illness...”
The emperor was referring to the admiral’s incurable disease at that time – stomach cancer. In 1851, with his wife, daughter and physician, he went to Europe for consultations with doctors and died on April 11 in Vienna. He was buried in Sevastopol with great honors. On the day of the funeral, 7,000 silver rubles were collected for the monument (built in 1867 according to the design of the sculptor N.S. Pimenov, it was placed on one of the squares of Sevastopol, and has not survived to this day). Rebuilt and opened after the death of the admiral, the Admiralty in Nikolaev received the name of Lazarevsky. Nearby were built stone three-story barracks for naval ranks for 6,000 people (also Lazarevsky). They have survived to this day, like the Crimean village of the same name.
The name Lazarev was assigned to Russian ships: an armored frigate, a cruiser, an icebreaker. In Sevastopol, one of the streets on the Korabelnaya Side bore the name of the naval commander until July 1993, when a square in the city center was named after him.
Lev Pushkarev, Natalya Pushkareva
LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788-1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813-25 he made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819-21 (commander of the Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica.
LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788-1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813-25 he made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819-21 (commander of the Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica. During the defeat of the Turks in the Battle of Navarino in 1827, the commander of the battleship "Azov". Since 1833, Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet and Black Sea ports.
"Young in years, but experienced in business"
Born into the family of the Vladimir governor, but lost his parents early. At the request of Gavrila Derzhavin, in 1800 he was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1803-1808, as a volunteer on ships of the British fleet, he sailed in the Atlantic, off the Antilles and in the Indian Ocean, participated in the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) and in the war with Sweden (1808), and was promoted to lieutenant for distinction (1810). In 1813-16, commanding the corvette Suvorov, he made his first circumnavigation of the world from Kronstadt to the shores of Russian America and back; on the way there (1814) in the Pacific Ocean he discovered five uninhabited atolls (Suvorov Islands), the first Russian discovery in the southern hemisphere; delivered almost 13 tons of cinchona bark from Peru to St. Petersburg, as well as American llamas, alpacas and vicuñas, representatives of the camelid family never seen before in Russia.
Discovery of Antarctica
In 1819, Lazarev was assigned to an expedition to search for the Southern Continent, the post of chief of which remained vacant for a long time. Only a month before going to sea, Thaddeus Bellingshausen was approved for her, who simultaneously became the commander of the sloop "Vostok". All the difficulties of recruiting crews (about 190 people), providing everything necessary for a long voyage in high latitudes fell on the shoulders of Lieutenant Lazarev, commander of the Mirny sloop. In 1819-21, both ships made the first circumnavigation of the world to the shores of Antarctica. For Lazarev, this was his second circumnavigation. Thanks to Lazarev's seafaring skills, the sailing sloops were never separated. During this expedition, which marked the discovery of Antarctica, the geographical coordinates of anchorages and the location of sloops at sea were determined, and magnetometric measurements were made. Lazarev made his third circumnavigation as captain in 1822-25 on the frigate "Cruiser", when scientific research in meteorology, oceanography and ethnography was carried out. The expedition took place along the route Kronstadt Rio de Janeiro Cape of Good Hope Russian America Cape Horn Kronstadt.
Naval operations in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
In 1827, Lazarev distinguished himself in the Battle of Navarino and was promoted to rear admiral; the battleship Azov, under his command, was the first ship in the Russian fleet to be awarded the St. George flag. For the next two years, his squadron blocked the Dardanelles. In 1830, Lazarev returned to Kronstadt, but already in 1832 he was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. On his orders, lieutenants Efim Putyatin and Vladimir Kornilov completed an inventory of the shores and soundings of the depths of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus straits. Using good personal relations with the Turkish authorities, Lazarev sent a yacht under the command of Yegor Manganari to photograph the southern coast of the Black Sea. At the end of 1834, Lazarev was appointed chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and military governor of Nikolaev and Sevastopol. In 1838-40 he led military operations at sea against the Caucasian highlanders; prepared sailors and ground units for landing operations; On his instructions, Mikhail Manganari mapped the Crimean and Abkhazian shores of the Black Sea in 1840-43, and surveyed the Sea of Marmara in 1845-48. Driving directions for the Azov and Black Seas were published.
Organizational activities and human qualities
Lazarev perfectly understood the superiority of engine-powered ships over sailing ships and was a supporter of the creation of a strong steam fleet. He built five first-class batteries, a naval library, a naval assembly, naval barracks, dry docks and two schools in Sevastopol. Under his direct supervision, two battleships and a frigate were launched from the Nikolaev shipyard. Lazarev trained a galaxy of outstanding commanders and naval commanders, including P. S. Nakhimov, V. A. Kornilov, V. I. Istomin, G. I. Butakov, E. V. Putyatin, I. S. Unkovsky. He achieved a significant improvement in the living conditions of sailors. The distinctive qualities of Lazarev's character were initiative and courage, speed in decision-making, integrity and honesty. He was married and had a daughter. A sea, an ice shelf, an Antarctic station, an atoll, an island, a village, a bay and two capes are named after him.
Essays:
Description of the voyage of the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny" in 1819-1821. // Russian discoveries in Antarctica in 1819-1820-1821. M., 1951.
Literature:
1. Lazarev M. P. Documents. M., 1952-61. T. 1-3.
2. Magidovich I. P., Magidovich V. I. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries. M., 1985. Ch. 2.
3. Firsov I. I. Half a century under sail. M., 1988.
Biography
early years
Born into the noble family of Senator Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, ruler of the Vladimir governorship. Shortly before his death, the senator assigned three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps.
Trip around the world
Voyage of M.P. Lazarev on the sloop "Suvorov" in 1813 - 1815.
At the beginning of the journey they were met by strong winds and thick fogs, from which the Suvorov had to take refuge in the Swedish harbor of Karlskrona. Having passed the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak straits (between Denmark and the Scandinavian Peninsula) and safely avoided the attack of the French and allied Danish warships, Lazarev safely brought the Suvorov to the English Channel.
In Portsmouth the ship made a stop that lasted for three whole months. On February 27, the Suvorov departed from the Portsmouth roadstead and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira, a Portuguese colony off the coast of Africa. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. On May 24, Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean.
Shortly before his death, on his last visit to St. Petersburg, the admiral was at a reception with Nicholas I. After the warm welcome, wanting to show the admiral his attention and respect, the sovereign said: “Old man, stay with me for dinner.” “I can’t, sir,” answered Mikhail Petrovich, “I gave my word to dine with Admiral G.” Having said this, Lazarev took out his chronometer, looked at it and, standing up impulsively, said: “I’m late, sir!” Then he kissed the puzzled emperor and quickly left the office...
In Vienna, Admiral Lazarev's illness worsened sharply. There was no hope left to save his life. Those around the admiral begged him to write a letter to the sovereign and entrust his family to him. “I have never asked anyone for anything in my life,” answered the dying Lazarev, “and now I will not ask before my death.”
- In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol,
- At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.
- In St. Petersburg, the first Russian battleship Admiral Lazarev was launched at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871.
Titles
Currently, the following are named in honor of Lazarev:
- district of Sochi - Lazarevskoye
- an atoll in the Russian Islands group in the Pacific Ocean
- island in the Aral Sea
- capes:
- in the northern part of the island. Unimak
- bay and port in the Sea of Japan
Links
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
See what “Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev” is in other dictionaries:
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev ... Wikipedia Admiral, Adjutant General; genus. November 3, 1788, d. April 11, 1851 Son of the ruler of the Vladimir governorship, P. Le Havre. Lazarev (d. 1800), brother of Vice Admiral A.P. Lazarev. He received his education in the Naval Cadet Corps; May 23, 1803...
Large biographical encyclopedia Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich - Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788 1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813, 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819, 21 commanded the sloop “Mirny” in the expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen,... ...
Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). Born into a noble family. In 1800 he entered the Naval Cadet Corps, in 1803 he was sent to the English fleet, where... ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia- (17881851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843), adjutant general (1833). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803) in St. Petersburg. In 181316, on the ship “Suvorov” he made the first circumnavigation of the world from Kronstadt to the shores of Alaska and back; V … Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1788 1851) Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813, 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819, 21 (commander of Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica. During the defeat of the Turks in Navarino... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich admiral of the Russian fleet (1788 1851). After completing the course in the naval corps, he served in England as a volunteer. From 1813 to 1816 he lived in Sitkha; spent more than 2 years (1819 1821) on Bellingshausen’s scientific expedition, during which... ... Biographical Dictionary
- (1788 1851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843), adjutant general (1833). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803) in St. Petersburg. In 1813, 16 on the ship "Suvorov" made the first circumnavigation of the world from Kronstadt to the shores of Alaska and back; V… … St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
- (1788 1851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819 21 (commander of the Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica. During the defeat of the Turks in the Battle of Navarino... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Large biographical encyclopedia- LA/ZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788 1851) Russian naval commander and navigator, discoverer of Antarctica (1820), admiral (1843). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803). In 1803 1808 served as a volunteer on the ships of the English fleet. In 1808 1812... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary
