Offer with all types of communication. Different types of connections of complex sentences

07.08.2024

Subject

Target

Tasks:

educational

developing

educational

Lesson type

Lesson form: lesson-presentation

Lesson progress

I.Org.moment.

II.Survey.

What are the similarities and differences between complex sentences and complex and non-union sentences? (The parts in it are unequal, one part is the main part, the other is the subordinate part).

And

It was bitterly cold at night And stars dotted the sky.

When the storm passed, the sun shone over the mountains And

Unfortunately, the garden has already faded And the birds flew away.

ІІІ. Oral group work.

Love for the native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society (SPP) can be realized. This growth begins precisely from the roots, and a person must preserve the culture of the country (CSP). Local history is the most widespread type of science: both great scientists and schoolchildren (BSP) can participate in the collection of materials. Each city is a synthesis of several cultures (PP).

І V. Presentation of projects

Tasks:

Select examples.

Create a slide presentation.

Project protection:

V.Practical work. Work in groups.

—

— Coordinating and non-union:

— Subordinate and non-union:

3. Place a hundred teachers over you - they will be powerless if you cannot force yourself. (To Sukhomlinsky)

— Essay , subordinating , non-union :

in stock

VI. Work on the text of the poem

What is the poem about?

VІІ. Warm up at the board.

Choose the appropriate diagram for the written sentences.

3. Tchaikovsky argued that inspiration is a state when a person works with all his might, like an ox, and does not at all flirtatiously wave his hand.

VІ II. Problem task - 1 group

Similarities: Difference: 1 example - SPP with several subordinate clauses. Example 2 - a joint venture with various types of connections; in addition to subordination, there is also a non-union connection.

2nd group

Motherland And nature one root; For many of us home, where are you was born And grew up childhood, With groves outskirts.

Consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection. The main connection is non-union. 1st part - a complex sentence with an explanatory clause;

2nd part - a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses: the first - attributive , with what house? Second - with which river? - also determinative.

Part 1 - in its structure - a simple sentence;

Part 2 - in its structure - SPP with a comparative clause with the conjunction “how”, standing after the main clause.

Part 1 - SSP with the adversative conjunction “but”;

Part 2 - joint venture non-union, consisting of two simple sentences connected by a non-union connection.

Part 1 - SPP with subordinate tense, with the conjunction “when”,

Part 2 is a simple sentence.

Part 1 - a simple sentence,

Part 2 is an IPP with a double conjunction, therefore there is no comma after the conjunction “and”, since the subordinate clause comes before the main clause.

XI.Testing.

ХІІ.Generalization.

XIV.Homework:

1. [Only occasionally, (if a boat or something suspicious was spotted nearby), a bright beam of a searchlight slid across the water], but [after a minute or two it instantly disappeared], and [then darkness reigned again].

Part 1 in its structure is a special clause with subordinate conditions (the conjunction “if”), standing inside the main one; Part 2 and Part 3 are simple sentences.

[ = - ]; [ = ], (what =)

may be nearby

[=-], and (although =-), but [=].

And, (although...), .

. Practical work.

— We carry out the exercise. 538.

Exercise.

Part 1 - in its structure, consists of 2 simple sentences connected by the coordinating conjunction “and”, therefore, this is a SSP, and the first sentence is two-part, the second sentence is one-part.

eat.

teachers:

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“Complex sentence with different types of connections”

Subject: Complex sentences with different types of connections.

Target: organize students’ activities to study complex sentences with different types of connections.

Tasks:

educational: to develop the ability to determine the types of allied and non-union connections in a complex sentence with different types of connections; practice the skill of placing punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connections;

developing: develop analytical skills: compare, contrast, draw conclusions; explore complex sentences through their comparative analysis;

educational: fostering a sense of patriotism, respect for people living nearby; fostering a conscious attitude towards language as a cultural phenomenon; nurturing interest and love for the Russian language.

Lesson type: lesson in learning new material

Lesson form: lesson-presentation

Lesson progress

I.Org.moment.

II.Survey. What sentences are called complex? (Having 2 or more grammatical stems

Name the types of complex sentences. (Complex, complex, non-union).

What does this division depend on? (From a means of communication between parts).

What are the similarities and differences between complex sentences and complex and non-union sentences? (The parts in it are unequal, one part is the main part, the other is the subordinate part).

Name the types of complex sentences. (Definitive; explanatory; adverbial, which are divided into subtypes).

Name the means of connecting parts of complex sentences. (Subordinating conjunction or allied word).

How does a conjunctive word differ from a homonymous conjunction? (The conjunctive word is a member of the sentence; it is replaced by an independent part of speech from the main part of the sentence, and the logical stress always falls on the conjunctive word).

Explain the absence of a comma before the conjunction And in complex sentences:

It was bitterly cold at nightAnd stars dotted the sky.

When the storm passed, the sun shone over the mountainsAnd the garden was filled with the aroma of flowers.

Unfortunately, the garden has already fadedAnd the birds flew away.

III.Oral collective work. Describe the proposals.

Love for the native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society (SPP) can take place. This growth begins precisely from the roots, and a person must preserve the culture of the country (CSP). Local history is the most widespread type of science: both great scientists and schoolchildren (BSP) can participate in the collection of materials. Each city is a synthesis of several cultures (PP).

IV. Presentation of projects

Tasks:

Find theoretical material on your topic.

Select examples.

Create a slide presentation.

Project protection:

“Complex sentences with different types of connections”

“Punctuation marks in a complex sentence”

“The role of a complex sentence with different types of connection”

V. Practical work. Work in groups. Determine the types of communication, draw up diagrams.

- Coordinating and subordinating:

1. A person must work, work hard, no matter who he is, and in this alone lies the meaning and purpose of his life, his happiness, his delight. (A. Chekhov)

- Coordinating and non-union:

2. We heard: a boat sailed along the river, and our souls became light. (V. Arsenyev)

- Subordinate and non-union:

3. Place a hundred teachers over you - they will be powerless if you cannot force yourself. (To Sukhomlinsky)

Essay , subordinating , non-union :

4. After lunch, when the sun was at its zenith, we decided to make a stop, but unexpectedly our plans changed: we had too little time in stock

VI. Work on the text of the poem

He who plowed the land himself will cut the bread at the table without dropping a crumb, tying the well-trodden stitches on the fresh tablecloth in a knot during the days of suffering.

I, too, grew up and became strong in the field, I did not walk as passers-by in my native land, And by the way people value bread, I choose my friends on the road.

What is the poem about?

How do you understand the last two lines of the poem?

Task: parse the first sentence - second group,

(Pov., nev., complex., allied, SPP with attached ., composed of x parts, joint. allied. word. who: main part - two-part., dist., complicated. Uniform. separate. environment. , expression d/o; add. part - two-part, dist.)

of the second sentence - the first group.

(Sub., non., complex., with different types of connection: composing. and subordinate., composed of 2 parts, connection I: 1 part - simple., two-part., dist., complicated. homogeneous part. ; 2 part - SPP with ex., composed of 2 parts, as follows: main part - personal, uncomplicated; ., uncomplicated

VII. Warm up at the board.

Choose the appropriate diagram for the written sentences. 1. 1. Delusion and stupidity are incomprehensible and tricky, because they are unnatural, but genius is simple and clear, like the truth...

2. A thought flashed: maybe the radio is working and someone will hear it?

3. Tchaikovsky argued that inspiration is a state when a person works with all his might, like an ox, and does not at all flirtatiously wave his hand.

4. There is an ancient saying: a doctor cannot be a good doctor if he is only a good doctor.

5. When I entered, everyone was silent: apparently they were talking about me. (When…), : .

6. We part forever; however, you can be sure that I will never love another: my soul has exhausted all its treasures, its tears and hopes on you. ; however, (what...): .

VIII. Problem task – 1 group

Compare the two schemes and determine how they are similar and how they differ.

Similarities: these are two joint ventures, and in the first example and in the second there is sequential subordination. Difference: 1 example – SPP with several subordinate clauses. Example 2 – a joint venture with various types of connections; in addition to subordination, there is also a non-union connection.

IX.Linguistic experiment- 2nd group

It is deeply symbolic that the words Motherland And nature one root; For many of us the capacious concept of the Motherland is inextricably linked with home, where are you was born And grew up, with the river on the banks of which yours passed childhood, With groves, planted with friends behind outskirts.

, (What..) ; [ …(where…), ..(..which…), … ].

A complex sentence with different types of connections: non-conjunctive and subordinating.

Consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection. The main connection is non-union. 1st part - a complex sentence with an explanatory clause;

2nd part – a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses: the first – attributive , with what house? Second - with which river? - also determinative.

X. Work in groups using cards

Practical work with commenting.

1 . [The sun set], and [night followed day without interval], [as usually happens in the south].

[ - = ], and [ - = ], (as - =).

This is a sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating; consists of two parts connected by the coordinating conjunction “and”:

Part 1 – in its structure – a simple sentence;

Part 2 - in its structure - SPP with a comparative clause with the conjunction “how”, standing after the main clause.

2 . [The sun had already set a long time ago], but [the forest had not yet had time to calm down]: [the turtle doves were murmuring nearby], [the cuckoo was crowing in the distance].

[ = - ], but [ - = ]: [ - = ], [ - = ].

This sentence is complex with a non-union and allied connection, consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection;

Part 1 – SSP with the adversative conjunction “but”;

Part 2 – joint venture non-union, consisting of two simple sentences connected by a non-union connection.

3 . (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen]; [the mound obscured it].

(When - =), [ = - ]; [ - = ].

This complex sentence with a non-union and allied connection consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection:

Part 1 – SPP with subordinate tense, with the conjunction “when”,

Part 2 is a simple sentence.

4 . [The fire burned brightly], and (the closer I got to it), [the more sharply the flame separated from the little world hanging over it].

[ - = ], and (than - =), [them = - ].

This is a complex sentence with a coordinating and subordinating connection, side by side there is a coordinating conjunction “and” and a subordinating double conjunction “than, that”, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connection, the conjunction “and”.

Part 1 – a simple sentence,

Part 2 is an IPP with a double conjunction, therefore there is no comma after the conjunction “and”, since the subordinate clause comes before the main one.

XI.Testing.

1. The parts of this complex sentence are connected by coordinating and subordinating connections a) The snow that fell at night transformed the slopes, and the entire surrounding area sparkled with dazzling whiteness. b) The elk ran out to the edge, which was overgrown with bushes, and, without stopping, went to the river. c) I walked out into a clearing illuminated by the sun and stopped, looking around. 2. The parts of this complex sentence are connected by a coordinating and non-conjunctive connection a) There, illuminated by a generous cloud of dawn, Thick clouds, running down from above, hung in lush, amber clouds. b) The fields were washed with dew, the streams were brighter than mica, and the burnt gardens were covered with greenery. c) The forest turns black, awakened by the warmth, embraced by spring dampness, and pearls on strings tremble from each wind. 3. The parts of this complex sentence are connected by a subordinating and non-union connection a) It’s pleasant to lie motionless on the hay after a long walk: the body luxuriates and languishes, and sweet laziness closes its eyes. b) Nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest strength. c) In the bright autumn forest you feel especially keenly: you are a particle of this land that belongs to you. 4. The parts of this complex sentence are connected by coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections a) The fog began to clear, and I saw on the shore a hilly spruce forest and a single large spruce, which by its strength could be mistaken for a tower. b) There is a wonderful time in the year: the earth puts on its most expensive clothes, and these days it seems that the earth even begins to glow. c) White columns of still bare birches, the tops of which looked like smoke frozen in the air, were adjacent to the golden trunks of pine trees. 5 . Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers, in place of which commas should be in the sentence? The hostess realized (1) that (2) if the guests find themselves in the hall again (3) they will no longer see the distant alley in the rays of the setting sun (4) and hastily suggested we take a walk in the garden. A)1,3 B)1,3,4 C)1,2,3,4 D)2,3,4

ХІІ.Generalization.

ХІІІ. Summing up the lesson.

XIV.Homework:

1.write out sentences with different types of connections from fiction, draw up diagrams;

2.make test tasks of 5 questions on the topic “Complex sentence”.

This is a complex sentence, with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating; consists of three parts connected by coordinating conjunctions “but”, “and”;

Part 1 in its structure is a special clause with subordinate conditions (the conjunction “if”), standing inside the main one; Part 2 and Part 3 are simple sentences.

[..,(if = - or - =), = - ], but [ - = ], and [ = - ].

2. [Slowly, in long zigzags, the caravan rose higher and higher along the white slope]; [it seemed] (that there would be no end to the rise).

This is a complex sentence with a non-union and allied connection, consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection;

Part 1 is a simple sentence;

2nd part of the IPP with an additional clause.

[ = - ]; [ = ], (what =)

In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating connections may be nearby coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. A comma is placed between them when after the subordinate clause there is no second part of the double conjunction (how) or the conjunction “but”.

Thick clouds rushed across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was dark.

[=-], and (although =-), but [=].

Thick clouds rushed across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was dark.

And, (although...), .

. Practical work.

We carry out the exercise. 538.

Exercise. Write down sentence II and let’s make diagrams.

[In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost], and [this continued for two hours], [then the frost disappeared], [the sun closed], and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully, with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

[ - = ], and [ = ], [ - = ], [ - = ], and [ - = ]

complicated by similar circumstances

This is a complex sentence with different types of connections, consists of two parts connected by a non-union connection;

Part 2 - in its structure, consists of three simple sentences connected by a non-union and a conjunction connection, all three sentences are two-part, the latter is complicated by a homogeneous circumstance of the manner of action.

Draw up a diagram of this proposal, characterize it)

teachers: Complex sentences make speech more expressive, give the presentation a strict, businesslike character, make the enumeration more tense, and make the speech excited and solemn. Using a problem task.

Complex sentences with different types of connections- This complex sentences , which consist of at least from three simple sentences , interconnected by coordinating, subordinating and non-union connections.

To understand the meaning of such complex constructions, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks), connected using coordinating conjunctions or without unions; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [Sad I]: [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two attributive clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [Lane was all in the gardens], and [grew at the fences linden trees, now casting, under the moon, a wide shadow], (so fences And gates on one side they were completely buried in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating conjunction and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on the main thing and is joined to it by the conjunction so.

A complex sentence can contain sentences with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And is a coordinating conjunction, as is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

2) composition and non-union communication.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet died down: the turtle doves were murmuring nearby, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance.(Bunin).

(But - coordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

3) subordination and non-union connection.

For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the mound obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and there were only oak trees; they began to bloom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the entire garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side.

For example: The weather was beautiful all day, but as we approached Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating conjunction, when - a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication

In order to correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of connections, it is necessary to select simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in complex sentences with different types of connections.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappeared] , [the sun has closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple offers most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of a non-union connection.

For example: (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen] ; [the mound obscured it].(The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

At the site of the non-union connection between simple sentences within a complex possible Also comma , dash And colon , which are placed according to the rules for placing punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has long since set] , But[the forest has not yet died down] : [doves gurgled nearby] , [the cuckoo crowed in the distance]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [the idea of an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: coordinating and non-conjunctive.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks, indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own syntactic basis.

For example: [The bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here] (that wild felling has become like a garden to me) : [I caressed every bush, every pine tree, every Christmas tree], and [they all became mine], and [it’s the same as if I planted them], [this is my own garden](Priv.) – there is a colon at the junction of blocks; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage] (to get a worm from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the layer of old aspen foliage from his beak](Priv.) – there is a semicolon at the junction of blocks.

Particular difficulties arise placement of punctuation marks at the junction of the composing And subordinating conjunctions (or coordinating conjunction and allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. However, at the same time, sentences in which several conjunctions appear nearby stand out and require special attention.

In such cases, a comma is placed between conjunctions if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow. then, yes, but(in this case the subordinate clause may be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between two conjunctions.

For example: Winter was coming and , When the first frosts hit, living in the forest became difficult. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became difficult to live in the forest.

You can call me, but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. – You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then we’ll leave tomorrow.

I think that , if you try, you will succeed. – I think that if you try, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (based on grammatical basics) the number of simple sentences and find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating).

5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Create a proposal outline.

SAMPLE EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall He me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I decided

Complex sentences with different types of connections are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences connected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex constructions, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks), connected using coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [I am sad]: [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink away the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years) (A. Pushkin).

2) [The alley was filled with gardens], and [linden trees grew near the fences, casting now, in the moonlight, a wide shadow], (so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness) (A. Chekhov).

A complex sentence can contain sentences with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as usually happens in the south (Lermontov)

(And is a coordinating conjunction, as is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

2) composition and non-union communication.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet died down: the turtle doves were murmuring nearby, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance (Bunin).

(But - coordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Complex sentence connection diagram

3) subordination and non-union connection.

For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the mound obscured him (Chekhov).

(when – subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Complex sentence connection diagram

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and there were only oak trees; they began to bloom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the entire garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so that is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Complex sentence connection diagram

In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side.

For example: The weather was beautiful all day, but when we approached Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating conjunction, when - a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Scheme with subordinating and coordinating conjunctions

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in complex sentences with different types of connections.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost], and [this continued for two hours], [then the frost disappeared], [the sun closed], and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully, with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening ].

Sometimes two, three, or more simple sentences are most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence by a semicolon. Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of a non-union connection.

For example: (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen]; [the mound obscured it]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

In place of a non-conjunction connection between simple sentences within a complex sentence, a comma, a dash and a colon are also possible, which are placed according to the rules for placing punctuation marks in a non-conjunction complex sentence.

For example: [The sun had already set a long time ago], but [the forest had not yet died down]: [the turtle doves were murmuring nearby], [the cuckoo was crowing in the distance]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] - and [lightning flashed]: [the idea of an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared] (Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: coordinating and non-conjunctive.)

For example: [The bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here], (that the wild felling became like a garden to me): [I caressed every bush, every pine tree, Christmas tree], and [they all became mine], and [it’s all the same that I planted them], [this is my own garden] (Prishv.) - there is a colon at the junction of the blocks; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage] (to get a worm from under it); [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the layer of old aspen foliage from his beak] (Prishv.) - there is a semicolon at the junction of the blocks.

Particular difficulties are caused by placing punctuation marks at the junction of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (or coordinating conjunction and allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. However, at the same time, sentences in which several conjunctions appear nearby stand out and require special attention.

In such cases, a comma is placed between the conjunctions unless the second part of the double conjunction then, so, but is followed (in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between two conjunctions.

For example: Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, living in the forest became difficult. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became difficult to live in the forest.

You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. – You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then we’ll leave tomorrow.

I think that if you try, you will succeed. – I think that if you try, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (based on grammatical basics) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating).

5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Create a proposal outline.

SAMPLE EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog fell], [as if it separated me from the rest of the world with a wall], and, (in order not to get lost), [I decided to return to the path], (which, in my opinion, should have been on the left and behind) ( V. Arsenyev).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, with different types of connections: non-conjunctive, coordinating and subordinating, consists of three parts connected non-conjunctive (I and II parts) and a coordinating connecting conjunction and (II and III parts); Part I is a simple sentence, Part II is a simple sentence, Part III is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses (target and attributive) with parallel subordination. The subordinate clause of purpose depends on the entire main sentence, answers the question for what purpose?, and is joined by the conjunction so that. The attributive clause depends on the noun path, answers the question which?, and is joined by the conjunctive word which.

In modern Russian, especially in written speech, complex sentences are often used. There are two types of complex compounds in the Russian language: union and non-union. Non-union - which consists of several parts, but conjunctions are not used to connect these parts with each other. Here is a classic example of a non-union sentence: “It was snowing, the weather was frosty.” Or, for example: “It was getting cold, the birds were flying south.”

Classmates

Allies, in turn, have another feature. They also have two or more parts and use conjunctions to communicate. There are two types of unions - coordinating and subordinating. If subordinating conjunctions are used, the sentence is called complex. If coordinating conjunctions are used, it is called compound.

Subordinating connection in a complex sentence

If the parts of a complex sentence are connected to each other using a subordinating connection, it is called complex. It consists of two parts: main and subordinate clauses. There is always only one main thing, but there can be several subordinate clauses. From the main part to the subordinate part you can pose a question. There are different types of subordinating connections.

Subordinate clause can serve as an adverbial function, for example: “I left home from school when the bell rang.” It can also serve as a complement: “I told him what I had been wanting to say for a long time.” And, finally, it can serve as a circumstance, for example: “The grandmother told her grandson to go to where he forgot his briefcase,” “I didn’t come because my grandmother was sick,” « “My mother arrived when the snow melted in the yard.”

Here are classic examples of variants with different types of subordinating connections. In all examples, the first part will be the main one, and the second - subordinate clause, accordingly, the question is asked from the first part to the second:

“I love it when spring comes”;
“I read a book about the house that Jack built”;
“Mom was upset because her son got a bad grade”;
“The boy decided to find out where Santa Claus comes to the house from.”

Coordinating connection in a complex sentence

We can talk about a coordinating connection in cases where the simple parts that make up a complex are equal, and none of them can be called main or dependent. Accordingly, the question cannot be raised from one part to another. The most common coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions “a”, “but”, “and”.

Examples of coordinating connections:

“Mom came home, and at that time my son went for a walk.”
“I felt bad, but my friends were able to cheer me up.”
“The sun has set, and the heads of the dandelions in the meadow have closed.”
“Winter has come, and everything around has plunged into white silence.”

The coordinating connection in variants with the conjunction “a” is often used in Russian folk proverbs and sayings based on the opposition of any characteristics, for example: “The hair is expensive, but the mind is short.” In the old Russian language, for example, in folklore works (fairy tales, epics, sayings, fables), the conjunction “a” is often replaced by its Old Russian synonym “da”, for example: “Grandfather came to pull a turnip, but the turnip grew big. The grandfather pulled and pulled the turnip and called the grandmother for help.”

Compound Sentences They are especially often used in descriptions of nature, when the author of a work wants to give the most complete picture of a summer day, a winter night or a bright, beautiful landscape. Here is an example of such a descriptive text with a coordinating connection in complex sentences: “It was snowing, and people ran home with their collars turned up. It was still light outside, but the birds had long since fallen silent. All that was heard was the creaking of snow underfoot, and there was no wind. The sun was slowly setting behind the horizon, and two lovers on a park bench admired the short winter sunset.”

Also, complex sentences, especially sentences with the conjunctions “a” and “but,” are actively used in the scientific style of writing, in reasoning texts. Here is an example of such reasoning: “The human body is resilient, but the immune system can be easily destroyed by uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Antibiotics as medicines have many advantages, but they cause dysbiosis and have a negative effect on the immune system.”

Features of punctuation

Two parts of a subordinating clause are connected by subordinating conjunctions. Parts of the coordinating type, in turn, are connected to each other by coordinating conjunctions. A conjunction is a small particle that visually resembles a preposition, but performs a completely different function: connects or two sentences that are inside one.

Both in complex and compound sentences, conjunctions must be preceded by a comma. When reading aloud, you need to pause before this comma. Omitting a comma before conjunctions using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions is considered a gross syntactic error. However, primary and even secondary school students often make such mistakes in dictations, in independent and test work in the Russian language, in essays and written works on literature. In this regard, the school curriculum for studying the Russian language includes a separate section devoted to practicing the rules of punctuation.

In complex non-union sentences To connect two parts, you can use not only a comma, but also other punctuation marks, for example:

“The sun has risen, the birds have woken up with their usual morning song.”
“I warned you: playing with fire is very dangerous!”
“The full moon lit up, illuminating the earth with its radiance; sensing the approach of night, a wolf howled in the distant forest; somewhere in the distance, on a tree, an eagle owl hooted.”

Complex sentences help make written and spoken language especially expressive. They are actively used in texts of various contents. Competent writing of them in compliance with all punctuation rules indicates that the person knows the Russian language well and knows how to clearly express his thoughts in writing. Neglect of existing punctuation rules, on the contrary, speaks of a low level of human speech culture. Teachers of Russian language and literature should pay special attention to the correct spelling of complex sentences when checking students' written work.

Syntactic analysis of a sentence must begin with a thorough study of theoretical material on this topic. This is the main component of a positive result. The most extensive practical skills will be the analysis of a complex sentence, for example, with different types of communication.

First of all, it is necessary to characterize the entire syntactic model as a whole, and then each part individually. For clarity, let’s look at a complex sentence with different types of connections.

Melancholy suddenly came upon me, as if it wanted to finish me off completely, and in order not to succumb to despondency, I plunged into work, which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me.

We build a diagram and prove that we are dealing with complex sentence with different types of connections:

[Melancholy suddenly fell] 1, [as if she wanted to finish me off completely] 2, and, (in order not to succumb to despondency) 3, [I plunged into work] 4, (which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me)5.

We reason: 5 grammatical basics, i.e. 5 simple ones make one complex. We conditionally divide them into 2 segments: 1 and 2 simple sentences (BSP) + 3, 4 and 5 (SPP with two subordinate clauses), the connection between which is carried out by the coordinating conjunction and. Thus, we observe a non-union subordinating and coordinating (main) connection between the parts of a complex sentence.

│ 1, 2 │, and, │(to...) 3, [noun] 4,(which) 5.

Let us characterize the entire proposal. We are dealing with narrative, complexity, with different types of connections. In terms of emotional coloring – non-exclamatory.

The first block, consisting of two simple sentences (BSS), is not complex in its characteristics, so we will pay more attention to the second block - SSP with two subordinate clauses.

In this SPP we see a clear example of parallel subordination, because Both simple subordinate clauses refer to more than one word in the main part and answer different questions. in order not to succumb to despondency - the subordinate clause of the purpose (plunged into work for what purpose?), it relates to the entire sentence and is introduced by the subordinating conjunction “so that”; ... which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me - a subordinate attributive (what kind of work?), correlates with the noun “work” in the main part of the sentence and is attached using the conjunctive word “which”.

And now we give a description of each simple element that is part of our complex one.

Melancholy suddenly came upon me...

... as if she wanted to finish me off completely... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

...so as not to give in to despondency... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, one-part (impersonal), uncommon, incomplete, uncomplicated.

... I plunged into work... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

... which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by an introductory phrase.

Thus, the analysis of a complex sentence is completed in full. This principle should also be used to analyze complex sentences. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that you need to know the theoretical part thoroughly, since the analysis of the complex is closely intertwined with the characteristics of the simple.

We are convinced that the above analysis of the sentence will help in working on similar syntactic constructions.

Good luck in mastering the basics of Russian syntax.

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